Remodeling of Tumor Microenvironment for Enhanced Immunotherapy against Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Non-melanoma skin cancer is a serious malignancy and white skinned people are highly susceptible to this cancer. about 918 deaths occurred due to nmsc in uk following the year 2018-2019. the incidence of nmsc is 18-20 times higher as compared to melanoma skin cancer. the tumor immune microenvironment (tme) of nmsc possess diversity of immune cells which exert pro-tumor and anti- tumor effects on the time. so by recognizing the tumor promoting entities, the time can be remodeled. immunotherapy provides such a treatment that activates the person’s immune system to fight against tumorigenic cells. radiotherapy also cause the modulation of the immune system and increase the anti-tumor responses in patients. the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (icis) after radiotherapy has produced significant survival rates in patients. oncolytic virus therapy is a subtype of immunotherapy with positive response in the treatment of cancer. the synthetic viral promoter highly specific to tumor and introduction of transgenes help them to inhibit the tumor promoting cells and make the tumor susceptible to anti-tumor cells, thus helping the tumor to eliminate from the body. this characteristic of oncolytic virus convert the ‘‘cold time’’ to ‘‘hot time’’ which exert a highly positive response when used icis. in this article, a literature review is conduced to study the role of time in the progression of cancer and various methods that remodel the time such as immunotherapy, radiotherapy and oncolytic viruses that might help to treat nmsc.