the effect of propolis on inhibition of aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxin production and expression of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway genes

Aflatoxins are one of the most important mycotoxins, which have been classified as group i carcinogenic compounds by the international agency for research on cancer. this investigation aimed to examine the effect of propolis on inhibition of the aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxin production and expression of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway genes. a standard strain of aspergillus parasiticus (atcc 15517) was used to perform antifungal susceptibility test, using a microdilution method in accordance with the clsi m38-a2 guidelines. the aflatoxin concentrations in the control and treated media were determined by hplc. also, the quantitative changes in the level of nor-1, ver-1 and omta genes expression in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway were analyzed using real-time pcr method. the results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of propolis was 100 µg/ml. the results showed that total levels of aflatoxin decreased from 386.1 ppm to 3.01 ppm at 50 µg/ml of propolis. in addition, quantitative real-time pcr analysis showed that the level of nor-1, ver-1 and omta genes expression was significantly decreased after treatment with propolis extract. the findings reveal that propolis extract, have a significant inhibitory effect on important genes for aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway in aflatoxin production.