optimal pmus placement considering measurement redundancy & zero injection bus (zib) using multi-objective harris hawks optimization algorithm

The basis of the extensive measurement systems is based on the placement of phasor measurement units (pmus) in the power grids. with the ever increasing expansion of electric energy consumption and the emergence of the phenomenon of restructuring in power grids and the existence of problems such as extensive blackouts of the power grid has increased the desire of power grid operators to use a wide area monitoring system (wams). this paper discusses the problem of optimal placement of phasor measurement units (pmus) in power grids, which is a critical issue for the reliable and safe operation of power systems. we proposed a multi-objective binary optimization algorithm called the multi-objective binary harris hawks optimization algorithm based on region selection (mobhho/r) to solve this problem. one of the most important innovations of the proposed algorithm is to draw inspiration from feature called a repository or archive to store optimal responses at each stage of the simulation. the algorithm aims to minimize the number of pmus required while maximizing the observability of the power grids. the proposed algorithm is implemented on the standard ieee 14 and 30 bus power systems, and the results show its superiority compared to other algorithms.