تاثیر قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری باسیلوس به همراه کود آلی بر رشد و جذب عناصر غذایی فلفل دلمه‌ای (.capsicum annum l)

تغییرات اقلیمی و استفاده بیش از حد از کودهای شیمیایی و آفت‌کش‌ها، اثر تنش‌های غیرزیستی بر قابلیت بهره‌وری محصولات کشاورزی را تشدید و اکوسیستم را تخریب کرده است. یکی از راه‌کارها برای تعدیل این فشارها، کاربرد کودهای آلی، همزیستی مایکوریزی و تلقیح میکروبی است. بنابراین به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر کود آلی، قارچ میکوریزا و باسیلوس بر صفات رشدی فلفل دلمه‌ای، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با عامل اصلی کود آلی در دو سطح (با و بدون کود آلی) و عامل فرعی تیمار کود زیستی در چهار سطح [کود زیستی میکوریزا آربسکولار (مخلوط rhizophagus irregularis + funeliformis mosseae)، باکتری باسیلوس (مخلوط bacillus subtilis +وbacillus amyloliquefaciens)]، مخلوط میکوریزا + باکتری و شاهد بدون تلقیح) و در سه تکرار اجرا شد. ویژگی‌های زیستی خاک، جذب عناصر غذایی و ویژگی‌های رشد و عملکرد میوه پس از برداشت بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کود آلی و قارچ میکوریزا وزن خشک شاخساره (به‌ترتیب 10/3 و 17/4 %) و عملکرد میوه (به‌ترتیب 11/5 و 19/9 %) را نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. بیش‌ترین جمعیت میکروبی (cfu g^-1و10^7×1/1) و نسبت r/sو(110/0) در تیمار کاربرد کود آلی با تلقیح میکوریزی حاصل شد. همزیستی میکوریزا همراه با کود آلی جذب نیتروژن (20/6 %)، فسفر (46/8 %)، آهن (35/6 %) و روی (57/2 %) را نسبت به شاهد بهبود بخشید و جذب پتاسیم را تیمار باسیلوس نسبت به شاهد 22/3 درصد افزایش داد. به‌طور کلی، ترکیب کود آلی و قارچ میکوریزا برای کشت فلفل دلمه‌ای گلخانه‌ای مناسب به‌نظر می‌رسند.  

mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus sp. along with organic fertilizer on the growth and nutrient uptake of bell pepper (capsicum annum l.)

climate changes and agricultural practices such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have intensified the effect of abiotic pressures on crop productivity and have destroyed the ecosystem. one of the strategies to moderate these pressures is the use of organic fertilizers, mycorrhizal symbiosis and microbial inoculation. in order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer, mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus on the growth characteristics of bell pepper, an experiment was carried out as split plots on a randomized complete block design with the main factor of organic fertilizer at two levels (with and without organic fertilizer) and the secondary factor of biofertilizer treatments at four levels [arbuscular mycorrhizal (rhizophagus irregularis + funeliformis mosseae), bacillus (b. subtilis + b. amyloliquefaciens)., mycorrhizal + bacteria mixture and control without inoculation] in three replications. soil biological properties, nutrients uptake and growth characteristics and yield of the fruit were investigated after harvest. the results showed that the organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi application increased the shoot dry weight (10.3% and 17.4%, respectively) and fruit yield (11.5% and 19.9%, respectively) compared to the control. the highest microbial population (1.1 × 107 cfu g-1) and r/s ratio (110.0) were obtained in the organic fertilizer application treatment with mycorrhizal inoculation. mycorrhizal symbiosis with organic fertilizer application improved the uptake of nitrogen (20.6%), phosphorus (46.8%), iron (35.6%) and zinc (57.2%) compared to the control, and potassium uptake was improved by bacillus treatment as compared to the control, it increased by 22.3%. in general, the combination of organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi seems to be suitable for greenhouse bell pepper cultivation.background and objective: global agriculture faces various problems such as producing food for about 8 billion people by the middle of the 21st century. at the same time, people are struggling with economic conditions and malnutrition, as well as fierce competition for natural resources and climate change (4). use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to various environmental problems around the world. organic farming (and the use of organic and bio-fertilizers) is a holistic development method that improves environmental sustainability, habitats, biogeochemical cycles and soil biological activity without the use of conventional fertilizers or pesticides (2). mycorrhizal fungi have a significant environmental impact by improving soil quality such as soil biomass, structure and aggregation (1). beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms that play a role in promoting plant growth can directly or indirectly promote plant growth. in this research, bell pepper plant was used, which is one of the most important fruit vegetables, that plantation area and its consumption are increasing (3). this research seeks to understand the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus bacteria with or without the use of organic fertilizers and their effect on the bell peppergrowth and nutrients uptake under greenhouse conditions. methods: this research was carried out as split plots on a randomized complete block design with the main factor of organic fertilizer at two levels (with and without organic fertilizer) and the secondary factor of biofertilizer treatments at four levels [arbuscular mycorrhizal (rhizophagus irregularis + funeliformis mosseae), bacillus (b. amyloliquefaciens + b. subtilis), mycorrhizal + bacteria mixture and control without inoculation] in three replications. organic fertilizer with the origin of decomposed animal manure was added in the rate of 3 kg m-2 to the bed soil in the main plots. arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum was prepared from