ساخت، رواسازی، پایاسازی ابزار رمزگشایی انتظام معنای مسکن ترکمن

معنا، ارتباط دهنده انسان با محیط مسکونی است به طوری که غایت طراحی و ساخت مسکن، معنای آن می باشد. معنا، ناشی از خصوصیات، فعالیت و کاربری(استفاده) می باشد که در یک شبکه روابط با هم، معنای مسکن را تشکیل می دهند و این شبکه معنایی است که باعث ارتباط انسان و محیط می شود. پژوهش های بسیاری برای سنجش معنای مسکن صورت گرفته است اما ابزارهای سنجش این تحقیقات صرفاً به تهیه فهرست، دسته بندی و یا طبقه بندی سلسله مراتبی معانی بسنده کرده اند و ابزاری که بتواند انتظام معانی مسکن را بسنجد، یافت نگردید. با توجه به ضرورت بررسی شبکه ارتباطی میان این معانی، لازم است ابزاری جهت استخراج این انتظام تهیه شود. لذا هدف این پژوهش ساخت، اعتبار یابی، رواسازی ابزاری جهت کشف انتظام معنای مسکن می باشد. از آنجا که معانی، وابستگی فرهنگی دارد لازم است گروه فرهنگی مشخص، بررسی گردد. در این پژوهش جامعه مورد مطالعه مادران خانوار های ترکمن در شهرستان گنبد کاووس می باشد که به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای نمونه ای، به حجم 410 نفر از بین آنان انتخاب شد.جهت تدارک این ابزار ابتدا به روش پیمایش اکتشافی، با نمونه های انتخاب شده مصاحبه زنجیره ای انجام شد و نتایج تحلیل محتوای آن در جدول هدف محتوا تنظیم گردید. پرسشنامه نهایی براساس این جدول با 158 گویه تهیه شد. تحلیل گویه ها با کمک روش های ضریب دشواری، ضریب تمیز و روش لوپ انجام گردید. روایی صوری، روایی ترجمه و روایی سازه (تحلیل عاملی) نیز برای بررسی روایی پرسشنامه به کار رفت. برای محاسبه اعتبار آن نیز از روش کودر ریچاردسون استفاده گردید. به کمک این روش اعتبار پرسشنامه 931/0 محاسبه شد. جهت بررسی روایی ابزار، تحلیل عامل اکتشافی داده ها انجام گرفت که با بررسی و مفهوم سازی عامل های به دست آمده 10 عامل معنایی در مسکن به دست آمد که این امر گویای روایی ابزار می باشد.در مجموع می توان نتیجه گرفت که این ابزار از اعتبار و روایی مناسبی برخوردار بوده و می تواند برای مطالعه انتظام معنای مسکن ترکمن به گونه مناسب به کار رود.

Decoding Turkmen Homes: Development of an Inventory for Measuring Meaning Organization

The meaning of Housing has been emphasized by many researchers in built environment. Most researches on the development of meaning mainly provided lists of references, categorizations, and meaning hierarchy in residential spaces. However, it seems that there are networks of relations among different dimensions of meaning that form its organization in housing. Such cognitive organization paving the way for spatial organization of spaces are in fact c the ultimate goal in dwelling design.The aim of this study was to develop a valid, reliable and normalized scale to discover the organization of concept of dwelling in Turkmen settlement. The participants of the study were mothers of Turkmen households who lived in Gonbad e Qaboos. Sample size was estimated by Kline's method thus 410 mothers were selected by using a random multicluster sampling. Variables such as climate, family life circle, generational differences, gender, career and tribal bondages, urban or rural and housing typology were considered in sampling and statistical analyses.Due to relative novelty of this study in Iran and lack of measuring instruments, it deemed necessary to develop a proper measuring questionnaire for the inquiry. The Survey Method was conducted where the results of a number of case interviews were collected and organized in a table called Content Goal Table. This latter table was used for the preparation of final questionnaire, which has 158 items. The questionnaire then was given and filled by the mothers of 410 families.Descriptive and parametric statistical analyses were conducted. These included difficulty index, discriminative index, and loop technique, validity (face validity, translation validity, content validity, and construct validity (factor analysis), and reliability (KuderRichardson). The reliability of Turkmen Housing Meaning Organization Decoding Questionnaire by computing the KuderRichardson coefficient was 0.931. The factor analysis after rotation showed the value of cumulative variance of 0.728. These indicated that the questionnaire can explain 72.8% of Turkmen dwelling meaning structure by using the researcherdesigned measures and about .44 of it is explainable by conceptual factors provided by this study. The factors were clarified and conceptualized into ten meaning factors. Each factor was defined in relation to other items and labeled appropriately. Validity of the factor's label was refined and determined by feedbacks obtained from the experts. The discovered factors are ldquo;obtaining social respect and approval rdquo;, ldquo;social belonging rdquo;, ldquo;relative social relationships rdquo;, ldquo;fulfilling of physiological needs rdquo;, ldquo;family stability rdquo;, ldquo;privacy rdquo;, ldquo;family belonging rdquo;, ldquo;spatial features of social relationships rdquo;, ldquo;placement of social interactions rdquo; and ldquo;individual satisfaction rdquo;. Overall, by considering the results of present study, Turkmen Housing Meaning Organization Decoding Questionnaire has decent reliability and validity, and is able to target Housing Meaning Organization appropriately in Turkmen cultural communities.Limitations of the present study is the population subject as a special cultural group, conclusions are rationed to this group. Investigation of meaning was conducted on the mothers group, so generalization of findings to other family members should be done carefully. It is recommended for future researches to consider these limitations in order to embrace wider target groups.Concerning the influence of meaning organization for promoting dwelling quality, it may be suggested to policy makers, designers, programmers and educators to apply this research instrument. While design programming and planning, designers can benefit from the methods and processes of discovering meaning organization to better fulfill occupants cognitive expectations with the residential spaces.