تبیین اثرات سیاست‎های دولت بر تحولات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و کالبدی مسکن روستایی با استفاده از تکنیک اهمیت- عملکرد (ipa) (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای استان کردستان)

مسکن روستایی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عنصر کالبدی بافت فیزیکی روستاها، محلی برای سکونت و مکملی برای انجام فعالیت های اقتصادی ساکنین محسوب می شود. استفاده از مصالح غیراستاندارد، قدمت دیرینه بناها و غیرمقاوم بودن خانه های قدیمی در مقابل رخدادهای طبیعی، برنامه ریزان و سیاست گذاران دولتی را بر آن داشته تا در راستای ارتقای شاخص های کمی و کیفی مسکن روستایی، اقداماتی عملی انجام دهند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تحول در ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی مسکن روستایی، در نتیجه عملکرد طرح ویژه بهسازی مسکن انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، تعداد 38467 سرپرست خانوار روستایی می باشد که تاکنون از تسهیلات طرح نوسازی مسکن بهره مند شده‌اند. سه شهرستان قروه، کامیاران و سروآباد به عنوان نمونه تحقیق، انتخاب شده و با تعیین مولفه های سه بعد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و کالبدی مسکن روستایی، از طریق پرسشنامه و مشاهده میدانی، داده ها جمع آوری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها، از روش های آمار توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف معیار) و آمار استنباطی (تکنیک اهمیت عملکردipa و آزمون t تک نمونه ای) استفاده گردید. یافته های تحقیق در زمینه آثار سیاست های توسعه مسکن روستایی نشان داده که در بعد اجتماعی، تغییرات مطلوبی در رابطه با تراکم خانوار و کیفیت بهداشتی مساکن به وجود آمده اما در زمینه تطبیق پذیری و تناسب فرهنگی هویتی طرح ها، نتایج مطلوبی حاصل نشده است. در بعد اقتصادی اگرچه طرح ویژه بهسازی موجب کاهش یا حذف فضاهای معیشتی شده اما موجب ارتقای کیفیت سوخت مصرفی، صرفه جویی در هزینه ها و تحرک بخشی اقتصادی شده است. در بعد کالبدی نیز طرح ویژه بهسازی بیشترین اثرگذاری مطلوب را داشته و به عبارتی، تحول کالبدی به لحاظ استحکام مساکن، ایجاد شده است.

Explaining the Impact of Government Policies on Economic, Social and Physical Changes in Rural Housing Using Importance-Performance Technique (IPA), Case Study: Rural Villages of Kurdistan Province

IntroductionGiven the influential role of government actions and policies in the development of rural housing, plans and programs related to housing development, should be approached by holistic approach, In keeping with the villagers #39; needs, while upgrading the fortification of the houses, preserving the native architecture in terms of the aesthetics and functional diversity of the various rural home spaces. Today #39;s rural housing in the country faces two issues: first, the limited number of rural housing development plans, and second, the high volume of deteriorated housing in the countryside. The province of Kurdistan currently has 121,238 rural housing units, which face numerous weaknesses in terms of quality and quantity. To this end, the present study seeks to answer the following question: How were the social, economic and physical effects of the Special Housing Improvement Project implemented in the rural areas of Kurdistan province?MethodologyThe present study is an applied one and descriptiveanalytical in nature and method. The statistical population of the research is 38,467 renovated rural housing units in the province. Data were collected through library and field study methods. Based on cluster sampling method, three cities of Qorveh, Kamyaran and Sarvabad were selected. Cochran #39;s formula was used to determine the number of samples and 316 individuals were determined. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed by experts and Cronbach #39;s alpha was used to determine its reliability. To analyze the data, onesample ttest and significanceperformance (IPA) technique were used.Results and discussionThe results of the ttest on the social dimension of rural housing show that the health component consisting of four propositions has the most desirable tstatistic with a significant level of 0.000 and mean 4.17, has the most favorable tstatistic and housing policies have had positive effects on this component. In order to examine the economic impacts of housing development policies, three components of core livelihoods, energy and fuel, and sectoral mobility, comprising 10 propositions, were used. Findings show that in all three components, the level of significance shows a desirable value (0.000). Concerning the physical dimension of housing, the findings show that the specific housing improvement plan has caused a physical transformation of the structural resistance dimension of housing. It can also be noted that the improved physical security status averaged 3.94.ConclusionGovernment policies have always influenced rural housing in various dimensions and reflected physical changes in the texture of these settlements. The findings showed that as a result of the implementation of the Special Improvement Plan (SIP), social transformation in rural housing has occurred and the health components have been improved qualitatively. These positive changes can be attributed to the transition from multifamily housing to singlefamily residence (reducing household density in residential units), the creation of sanitary spaces in the housing (kitchen, toilet and bathroom) and the separation of livestock storage spaces from households. The Special Economic Improvement Plan has had significant impacts, especially in the energy and fuel sectors, as well as on economic mobility and dynamics. But housing development policies have also had adverse effects on the economic dimension, including damage to livelihoods. With the decline in the level of new housing infrastructure, many of the spaces that are complementary to residents #39; economic activities have been eliminated, and somehow the livelihoods and economic structure of households have fluctuated negatively.