راهبردهای تحقق اگروتوریسم با استفاده از مدل سوات در روستای گرمه

اگروتوریسم یا گردشگری کشاورزی عبارت است از تعامل سازنده بین گردشگر و مردمان روستایی که در خلال آن زندگی مردم، هنر، میراث فرهنگی و از همه مهم تر کشاورزی آنان به گردشگر شناسانده شده و امکان درآمدزایی مستقیم و توسعه اقتصادی را فراهم آورد. اگروتوریسم به عنوان زیر مجموعه ای از گردشگری روستایی، یکی از زمینه های بسیار مناسب برای توسعه پایدار در روستاها است. جذابیت این نوع گردشگری بیشتر به خاطر ابعاد فرهنگی می باشد که روستاییان به آن می دهند. هم اکنون در کشور روستاهایی خاص تحت عنوان روستاهای هدف گردشگری مشخص شده و برای حضور گردشگر در روستا و امکان بهره وری اقتصادی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی مردم ساکن در آن، برنامه ریزی های متنوعی انجام گرفته است. اما آنچه اگروتوریسم را شاخص می نماید این است که این مدل گردشگری روستایی اگر با مطالعه دقیق و برنامه ریزی صحیح و همه جانبه همراه باشد، می تواند زمینه ساز توسعه در هر روستایی باشد، حتی روستاهایی که ویژگی های خاص ندارند. چرا که مبنای اگروتوریسم، کشاورزی است که معشیت غالب روستاییان کشور است.این موضوعی است که برخلاف تجارب جهانی در این زمینه، در حال حاضر آن چنان که باید و شاید در کشور ما مورد توجه نمی باشد.در راستای بررسی میزان موفقیت این نوع گردشگری، برنامه تور گردشگری کشاورزی در زمان محدود به صورت آزمایشی در روستای گرمه از توابع فریمان در استان خراسان رضوی اجرا شد. مقاله حاضر در ابتدا به تبیین مفاهیم، فواید و آسیب های اگروتوریسم پرداخته و در ادامه با بیان جز ییات این طرح با روشی تحلیلی توصیفی مبتنی بر مشاهدات میدانی و پرسشنامه ها و با استفاده از مدل سوات که ابزاری برای کنارهم قراردادن یافته های تحلیل، تهدیدهای خارجی و قابلیت های داخلی است، نحوه عملیاتی کردن اگروتوریسم در روستایی به غیر از روستاهای هدف گردشگری را مورد بررسی قرار دهد. در انتها راهبردهای رشد و گسترش این نوع گردشگری با توجه به نتایج ماتریس سوات بیان می شود.

Strategies for the Implementation of Agrotourism using SWOT Model in the Village of Garmeh

Agrotourism or agricultural tourism is a constructive interaction between the tourist and rural people, during which people's lives, art, culture, and most importantly, their agriculture, are known to the tourist and direct income and economic development are provided. Agroturism as a subset of rural tourism is one of the most suitable areas for sustainable development in villages. The attractiveness of this type of tourism is more due to the cultural dimensions that villagers give to it. This is an issue that, unlike the world's experiences in this field, has not been taken into account in Iran. Anyhow, currently, in Iran special villages under the title Tourismtarget Village are identified and for the presence of tourists in the village and the economic, cultural and social potential of the people living there, various plans are carried out.But what agroturism suggests is that this rural tourism model can be the basis for development in any rural village, if they are accompanied by accurate study and proper planning. Even with villages that do not have specific features, such as attractive natural sceneries or special historical site, agrotourism can be effective. The basis of agrotourism is agriculture, which is the welfare of the villagers of the country.In order to investigate the success rate of this type of tourism, the program Agricultural Tourism Tour was conducted in a limited time experiment in the village of Garmeh, Fariman in Khorasan Razavi province. The present paper first explains the implications, benefits and harm of agrotourism, and further elaborates on the details of this project by analyzingdescriptive method based on field observations and questionnaires and using the SWOT model, which is a tool for combining the findings of analysis, external threats and internal capabilities, it tried to show how to operate agrotourism in rural areas other than Tourismtarget Village. At the end, the strategies for the growth and expansion of this type of tourism are expressed in terms of the results of the SWOT matrix. Research questions are: how can agroteorism, in its full meaning, be effective in villages other than the tourismtarget villages? What is the solution to this problem with the least damage to the texture and cultural identity of the village of Garmeh?The results show that if agrotourism is to lead to sustainable development of villages and to play a positive role in the lives of rural people, it needs to develop and identify specific strategies, environmental management, development of local partnership, explicit and firm rules, sustainable marketing and realistic planning. However, in the studied village, although it has got positive factors such as wildlife attractions and pristine nature, a calm and quiet natural environment, the possibility of having organic vegetable and medicine plants, and also the existence of basic infrastructure such as water and natural gas, which are essential for growth of tourism, but some weaknesses of the village can affect them. Like distortion the rural landscape due to the uncontrolled construction by the second and third generation villagers, lack of environmental attention and also unwillingness of the villagers to enter the tourist due to cultural and religious differences. These have to be considered very seriously in order to attract tourist. The formation of a council and also encouraging farmers to participate in this program much more are the second step that can be considered. In addition, having a financial mechanism, controlling harms and raising awareness through education can boost economic growth in the village by relying on agrotourism.