تبیین عوامل موثر بر شکل‌گیری دلبستگی به خانه با بهره‌گیری از روش نظریه زمینه‌ای‌(مطالعه موردی: واحدهای مسکونی شهر اصفهان)

دلبستگی به خانه، پیوند عاطفی مثبت میان انسان و خانه است که می تواند منجر به ایجاد احساس امنیت، آرامش و راحتی خاطر برای ساکنان و افزایش کیفیت زندگی آنان شود. همچنین ساکنان را به مراقبت و محافظت از مکان وا داشته و در حفظ و نگهداری محیط های مسکونی موثر خواهد بود. برای ایجاد چنین پیوندی حضور برخی مقدمات کالبدی و اجتماعی در خانه ضروری است. این مقاله با هدف دستیابی به عوامل موثر بر شکل گیری این پیوند، در پی شناخت ویژگی هایی از خانه است که نقش موثری در دلبستگی انسان به آن ایفا می نمایند. برای دستیابی به این هدف، این پژوهش رویکردی کیفی اتخاذ نموده است و از روش نظریه زمینه ای بهره می برد. داده های پژوهش با انجام مصاحبه عمیق با 30 نفر از ساکنان مجتمع های مسکونی واقع در محلات منتخب اصفهان در بازه سنی 2565 سال گردآوری شده اند. یافته های این مطالعه نشان می دهد که هر دو دسته ویژگی های مربوط به درون خانه و ویژگی های مربوط به بیرون خانه نقش مهمی در شکل گیری دلبستگی ساکنان به خانه ایفا می نمایند. این پژوهش مالکیت ، کیفیات آسایشی و دوام کالبدی خانه ، مبلمان و تجهیزات داخلی خانه و روابط عاطفی مثبت در خانه را از جمله عوامل درونی و جلوه بیرونی خانه ، رضایت از همسایگی و کیفیت و خوشنامی محله را از جمله عوامل بیرونی موثر بر شکل گیری دلبستگی ساکنان به خانه معرفی می نماید. همچنین جلوه محیط مسکونی را به عنوان مقوله هسته ای در برگیرنده مقولات مطرح شده معرفی می کند . لذا ارایه راهکارهایی برای اغنای این کیفیات در دو حوزه درون و برون خانه، می تواند منجر به ایجاد و یا ارتقای دلبستگی ساکنان شود. از آن جا که این عوامل و کیفیات رابطه تنگاتنگی با فاکتورهای فیزیکی فضا دارند، این پژوهش می تواند به عنوان یک پژوهش پایه، مبنایی برای ارایه راهکارهایی برای ارتقای دلبستگی انسان به خانه در حوزه های مختلف و از جمله معماری و شهرسازی باشد.

Identifying Effective Factors in Creating Home Attachment Based Using Grounded Theory (Case Study: Residential Units in Isfahan)

People communicate with their surrounding environment in different ways. Emotional interaction is one of these ways which can involve positive feelings such as place attachment, belonging to place and so on. On the other hand negative emotional interaction leads to dissatisfaction or sometimes aversion to places which may result in psychological inconveniences. Home is one of the most important places which we interact in our daily lives. Home attachment is positive emotional relationship between home and its dwellers which may result in place dependence. By forming this synthesis, home becomes an anchor for its dwellers which brings safety, solace and tranquillity to them. Also it may lead to home preservation and caring by residents. It is a mutual interaction which is affected by house characteristics as well as dwellers' attributes. To create this kind of interaction some physical and social prerequisites are needed to exist at home. Without supplying these prerequisites, developing home attachment seems improbable.This article aims to find solutions to create this kind of relationship between people and their homes. Therefore it seeks for effective factors which may facilitate the process of developing home attachment. It tries to find those of home attributes and characters that play role in creating home attachment. To reach this aim, this survey has adopted a qualitative approach. The method employed here is Grounded Theory . Research data is gathered by semistructured interview with 30 persons in selected areas in Isfahan. Participants are selected from residents between ages 20 to 65.The results of this study show that in creating home attachment, two groups of house characteristics are effective: house indoor characteristics and house outdoor characteristics . Based on this research home ownership , physical permanence and comforting qualities of the house , furniture and interior equipments of the house , positive emotional relationships at home , are interior factors and house external appearance , neighboring satisfaction , quality and good reputation of neighborhood are exterior factors that play role in developing home attachment. Therefore developing solutions to enrich these characteristics and qualities in both araes of inside and outside of the houses, may lead to create or strength this emotional bond in residential environments. Also results show that among various attributes of home the followings can cause home attachment and therefore are determinative in establishing this kind of relationship: being home as a haven, as a symbol of social status, as a context for positive emotional relationships and as a context for satisfying human needs. Planning to enrich home of these attributes, will increases the opportunity to create home attachment for its dwellers. This enrichment can be planned in social and physical schemes. Environmental designers and planners are in charge of the physical ones and should create physical solutions to improve these meanings at home. In this case creating homes which ease dwellers' attachment is more probable. Lack of these characteristics will result in decreasing home attachment. Concentrating on these factors and presenting physical and social solutions to improve them can result in creating homes which may ease attachment for their dwellers.By considering these factors in designing houses we can be hopeful that dwellers will feel attached to their homes. Therefore they will feel safe and tranquil which is the final aim of settling at homes. This research can act as a fundamental research and presents a steppingstone for achieving solutions to create home attachment in different areas of knowledge.