ارزیابی تاثیر فضای کالبدی روستاها بر سرمایه اجتماعی، اقدامات کارآفرینانه و خرده فرهنگ‌های راجرز با رویکردی مقایسه‌ای

در کشورهای جهان سوم و در حال توسعه که ایران نیز یکی از آن ها محسوب می شود، هرگاه از توسعه و پیشرفت بحث می شود، اصولاً توجه به ویژگی ها و عوامل انسانی، پراکندگی جمعیتی و نیز بافت روستایی این قبیل کشورها، اهمیت فراوانی دارد. تحقیق حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تاثیر فضای کالبدی روستاها بر سرمایه اجتماعی، اقدامات کارآفرینانه و خرده فرهنگ های راجرز با رویکردی مقایسه ای در بین چهار روستای شهرستان کنگاور صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری این بررسی389 نفر از ساکنین چهار روستای شهرستان کنگاور است که براساس جدول مورگان و به روش تصادفی 185 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی تحقیق پرسشنامه بود که روایی آن با نظر برخی از مدیران سازمان کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه و اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه تعیین شد. به منظور برآورد پایایی پرسشنامه از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که به ترتیب 0.86 و 0.88 و 0.85 به دست آمد. همچنین مدل رگرسیونی توام به منظور بررسی اثر مولفه های سرمایه اجتماعی بر اقدامات کارآفرینانه اثرات مثبت و معنا داری را نشان داد. در نهایت با توجه به یافته های پژوهش پیشنهادهای کاربردی ارائه گردید از جمله: تقویت همدلی و پیوندهای کاری و همسایگی در روستاها جهت آبادانی بیشتر و کاهش مهاجرت به شهر در روستاهای کشور.

Evaluation of the Rural Texture on the Physical, Social Capital, and Entrepreneurial Actions Taken by Rogers's Sub-Culture with Comparative Approach

Principally different cultures and societies, in terms of characteristics, uniqueness and areas of development programs vary. Also in this context, they are of great diversity because development is included in many cases, even on habits, customs and beliefs of the people. The main problem issues discussed in this article are factors in the culture of the peasant community in addition to the correlations of these factors. One of the important and basic theories in Rogers's modernization theory is on the peasant culture. The definition should be noting that differences in culture and special features of each culture and subculture called cultural theory. According to Rodgers, in case the social changes program does not being built on the society values, the local farmer rsquo;s motivation will be banished as a consequence. The operators of rural development programs should carefully consider cultural characteristics of the population. He is pointing to peasant culture characteristics such as these: lack of trust in personal relations, lack of innovation, fatalism, low aspirations and desires, not to ignore the immediate interests for the sake of future benefits, less the factor of time, familyoriented, dependence on government power, localism and lack of empathy. In the thirdworld and developing countries like Iran, when speaking of the development, it means that characteristics and human factors, population distribution and the rural texture are of great importance. Such communities that face multiple problems of backwardness and underdevelopment, are trying to reduce the ravages caused and to improve the living conditions of people by implementation of various development programs. A large number of experts in rural development literature, particularly the theories of school modernization, are considered as rural development social and cultural barriers. In recent decades, scientists from different fields of sociology, especially in the areas of economic development, cited a wide variety of theories in search of reasons for the difference in the economic development of various countries. Among these factors, the set of theory, based on economic variables such as consumption, savings and investment, infrastructure and physical infrastructure and natural resources, geographical and other groups of theory, along with economic factors related to human resources and social institutions, and finally, the issue of the impact of beliefs and customs in the society is taken into consideration. The present study aimed to assess the impact of rural texture on the physical, social capital, entrepreneurial activities and Rogers's subculture with comparative approach between 4 villages of Kangavar city. This study is applied and crosscorrelation survey has been held. The population of the study, was 389 people in four villages of Kangavar city that 185 people was selected as sample based on Morgan table and randomly sampling. The main instrument of data collection method in survey was questionnaires. In order to ensure the content validity of the questionnaire, some of the leaders of agricultural organizations and faculty members of Kermanshah province, evaluate the questions and questionnaire items deeply and gave corrective feedbacks that authors reformed questionnaire after interviews and discussed about the subjects. Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate reliability. The rate of this index in principle, determines the degree of reliability for different parts of the questionnaire, varies respectively from 0.86, 0.88 and 0.85. In order to analyze the data the SPSS20 software was used. To investigate the opinions of the villagers in different villages that are different in rural texture with respect to the components of social capital, KruskalWallis test were used. Also, the combined regression model showed the positive and significant effects of social capital indicators on entrepreneurial activities. Finally, according to the findings of the research, practical suggestions were presented, including: Enhancing empathy, networks among rural people for further development and reduction of migration to the city in the country's villages.