reciprocal-scaffolding effects on efl learners' oral skills and their self-efficacy

This experimental study investigated the impact of reciprocal-scaffolding teaching procedures on two aspects of learners' quality: their self-efficacy and speaking and listening skills. the study also analyzed the efl learners’ attitudes on the use of reciprocal-scaffolding strategies via lms. moreover, it highlighted the possible difference between the effect of reciprocal-scaffolding strategies on efl learners' oral skills and their self-efficacy. to this end, 48 pre-intermediate iranian efl learners were selected as the participants. a concurrent embedded mixed-methods design was employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data through the pre and posttest pet-test and an interview at the end of term. the results of independent samples t-tests and paired t-tests indicated that students who received treatment in form of integration of scaffolding and reciprocal strategies received both statically and practically significantly higher marks on speaking and listening skills, and self&-efficacy than did the students in the control group. there was also a significant relationship between self-efficacy and success in speaking and listening performance. it can be inferred that reciprocal-scaffolding strategies have a significant positive impact on the improvement of oral skills. finally, the results of the interview revealed the positive and negative attitudes of students towards the use of the strategies in lms context.