a study of o’hara’s poetry in the light of merleau-ponty’s philosophy of nature

This study aims to utilize maurice merleau-ponty's environmental phenomenology in analyzing the chosen poems written by frank o'hara, a significant figure in the new york school of poetry.' eco-phenomenology 'is where philosophy and ecology meet. encouraging to review the traditional beliefs of western philosophy about nature, this relatively new vogue of criticism deals with environmental issues from a phenomenological perspective. this article aims to analyze several poems by frank o'hara from the new york school of poetry through the lens of eco-phenomenology. the goal is to challenge the perception that this poetic movement is solely urban and lacks awareness of the natural environment. by highlighting a divide within this poetry that demonstrates an understanding of a wider phenomenological world, encompassing both humans and non-humans, we aim to refute the notion of reductive urbanism. being a critique of cartesian mind-body dualism and the anthropocentric perspective resulting from it, this study applies the chiasmic ontology of merleau-ponty to the selected poems. the present research demonstrates that o'hara's poetry exhibits a prevailing mutual participation between human flesh and the 'flesh of the world', as described by merleau-ponty's concept of chiasm, particularly during moments of perception. this study examines how o'hara's work demonstrates the concept of 'body', a crucial term in merleau-ponty's philosophy, and how this demonstration leads to the development of an eco-phenomenological perspective in his urban poetry. conducting both textual and contextual analyses, this research brings to the fore o’hara’s eco-consciousness and his vision of interrelations governing the universe, despite his embracing urban life.