optimization of atropine extraction process from atropa belladonna by modified bubble column extractor with ultrasonic bath

Modified bubble column extraction with ultrasonic bath (bce-ub) method was used to extract atropine from the stem and leaves of atropa belladonna. optimum condition were obtained with kamada solvent which was chloroform-methanol-ammonia 15:15:1(v/v/v) as extraction solvent, the particle size of less than 350 μm, an extraction time of 23.95 min, a liquor to material ratio of 15.08 ml/g and an air flow of 6.31 ml/min.g. in this state, percent of extracted atropine was calculated which was equal to 6.81%. percent of extracted atropine was 6.31% that showed a little difference compared to the predicted value. in order to study the effect of bubbles on the extraction rate, the same extraction with the previous method was performed in a stirred tank. percent of atropine was 5.59%.