simultaneous optimization of extraction yield, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds from spatholobus littoralis hassk. and sauropus androgynus l. using response surface methodology

Spatholobus littoralis hassk., classified as part of the leguminosae family, is a medicinal species native to central kalimantan, indonesia, that contains abundant phytoestrogens, specifically isoflavones. phytoestrogens function as natural estrogens capable of increasing bone density. another plant known as sauropus androgynus l. is a functional vegetable with compounds that have some estrogenic activities for osteoporosis treatment. this study was aimed at exploring the optimization of the extraction of the two plants with a central composite design (ccd) and identifying the secondary metabolite profile. the solvents used for extraction were 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate:n-hexane (1:1). extraction optimization factors were solid-to-solvent ratio (1:5─1:15) as well as temperature (30─50 ℃), while the responses included yield, tfc (total flavonoids content), and tpc (total phenolics content). the extract at optimum extraction parameters was analyzed for the secondary metabolite profile using lc-ms/ms and gc-ms. the findings demonstrated that the optimum solid-to-solvent ratio was 1:15, while the optimum temperature ranged from 39 to 40 ℃. the 70% ethanol extract of s. androgynus l. leaves had the greatest yield and tfc of 37.51±0.43% and 25.78±0.36 mg qe/g dw, respectively. the highest tpc of 26.64 ± 0.36 mg gae/g dw was obtained by 70% ethanol extract of s. littoralis hassk. stem. profiling analysis revealed that phytoestrogens and estrogenic compound groups played a role in bone development. this study may develop a natural antiosteoporosis from s. littoralis hassk. and s. androgynus l.