examination of changes in essential oil and components in the medicinal sage (salvia officinalis l.) species grown in different locations

This study aimed to investigate the variations in both the yield and chemical composition of essential oils in the flowering parts of salvia officinalis l. cultivated across three turkish provinces—balıkesir, kütahya, and çanakkale—between 2017 and 2019the essential oils were extracted via hydro-distillation and characterized using gc-ms/fid analysis. the average essential oil yields were recorded as 1.24% in balıkesir, 1.32% in kütahya, and 0.94% in çanakkale. in the balıkesir samples, the primary constituents were α-thujone (20.39%), 1.8-cineole (16.36%), trans-caryophyllene (10.31%), viridiflorol (9.13%), and camphor (7.29%). kütahya specimens were mainly composed of α-thujone (27.13%), 1.8-cineole (14.36%), viridiflorol (13.24%), manool (8.06%), and β-caryophyllene (5.44%). the dominant compounds in the çanakkale samples included viridiflorol (17.91%), β-thujone (15.64%), α-humulene (13.76%), camphor (10.07%), and β-caryophyllene (9.58%). among the regions studied, kütahya demonstrated the highest essential oil yield. these results highlight significant geographic variation in both the quantity and chemical makeup of essential oils in s. officinalis l.