impact of heat sink geometric parameters on cooling performance of solar cell and battery: a numerical study

Microchannel heat sinks (mchss) are extensively used in various fields, including electronics cooling, aerospace, and energy systems, due to their compact size, high thermal efficiency, and ability to effectively manage thermal performance in devices with high heat flux densities. this study introduces novel mchs configurations to assess the impact of geometric parameters on performance evaluation criteria (pec). additionally, the study investigates the use of a water-based ternary hybrid nanofluid (w-thnf). the findings indicate that among all mchs configurations, the base case shows the lowest surface temperature uniformity (stu), while case 4 achieves the highest stu. furthermore, case 4 consistently exhibits a higher heat transfer coefficient (htc) compared to other cases across all reynolds numbers (re). it is revealed that case 1 exhibits the highest pec among all configurations. for instance, at re = 600, case 1 shows a pec increment of 7.02%, 13.15%, 18.36%, and 22.72% compared to re = 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400, respectively. at all amounts of re, the convective htc is enhanced with the volume fraction (φ) of w-thnf. for example, the convective htc in case 1 is enhanced by 5.62%, 10.76%, 16.92%, and 24.05% for φ = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09, respectively, compared to pure water when re = 600.