comprehensive energy, exergy, and environmental assessment of a tri-generation biomass system integrating gasification, anaerobic digestion, and solid oxide fuel cell

Global warming presents a significant challenge, largely driven by carbon dioxide emissions from conventional power generation. renewable energy technologies, particularly biomass-integrated systems, provide a promising pathway to mitigate these emissions sustainably. this study conducts a comprehensive energy, exergy, and environmental assessment of a tri-generation biomass system incorporating gasification, anaerobic digestion, and a solid oxide fuel cell (sofc). two configurations are examined: one utilizing syngas from gasification and the other biogas from anaerobic digestion. the results show that the biogas-based system achieves a superior exergy efficiency of 44.22%, compared to 39.18% for the gasification-based system, while also reducing co2 emissions by 0.072 tons/mwh. additionally, optimizing the fuel utilization factor (0.76 for the digester-sofc and 0.78 for the gasifier-sofc) significantly enhances system performance. these findings underscore the environmental benefits of biogas in tri-generation systems and provide valuable insights into optimizing biomass-based energy solutions.