effect of co-doping on the structural and optical properties of zno nanorods grown chemically on flexible pet substrate

Chemical bath deposition (cbd) was used to create vertically aligned co-doped zinc oxide nanorods (zno nrs) on a polyethylene terephthalate (pet), known as pet substrate. the effects of co concentration (0, 1, 2, and 4%) on optical and structural, and morphological characteristics of the zno nanorods (nrs) were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), x-ray diffraction (xrd) analysis, and photoluminescence (pl) studies. according to the xrd data, co-doping improved the crystal quality of zno nanorods (nrs). the average size of zno nrs rose as the concentration of co was enhanced, as seen by the fesem images. the photoluminescence findings showed that co-doping significantly improved the zno nrs optical quality.