optimization of spray drying process conditions for rosemary extracts (rosmarinus officinalis l.)

Rosemary extract, known for its antioxidant properties and potential applications in various industries, can be effectively processed through spray drying to enhance its usability. this study aimed to investigate the influence of spray drying conditions on rosemary extract. one–factor–at–a–time, analysis of variance, and response surface methodology were employed. the yield of the spray–drying process and total polyphenol content (tpc) of obtained powders were taken as response variables. the optimal conditions included a dried extract concentration of 25 % w/w, gum arabic to maltodextrin ratio of 3:7 % w/w, a solid concentration of 25.3 % w/v, an inlet temperature of 158 °c, and a feed flow rate of 12 ml/min. under these conditions, the yield of the final products reached 57.33 ± 0.20 % w/w, whereas its tpc was measured at 57.39 ± 0.93 mg gae/g powder. these findings not only optimize production efficiency from laboratory to industrial scales but also reveal new potential applications of rosemary extract in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceuticals.