sonochemically synthesized biphenyl sulfonamide derivatives and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and molecular docking studies

The use of ultrasonic radiation for the synthesis of various biologically active compounds is a popular research area due to the simple and affordable sonochemical method, which often results in amorphous material. the aim of this study was the synthesis of some biphenyl sulfonamide derivatives by using ultrasound irradiations (sound energy) to promote a greener methodology. the reaction of appropriate primary amines with biphenyl sulfonyl chloride gives seven new biphenyl sulfonamide derivatives (1-7) in excellent yields. the structure of all these compounds was elucidated through various spectroscopic techniques such as ir, ¹h-nmr, eims, 13c-nmr, and elemental analysis. all compounds (1-7) showed significant antibacterial activity out of these compounds, 2 (mic = 25 µg/disc), and 4 (mic=20, 25 µg/disc) were most active against s. typhi. in the case of antifungal activity compound 6 (mic = 50 µg/disc) displayed significant activity against a. fumigatus fungal strains. among the antioxidant activity, all the compound possesses good activity, but compound 6 was found to be the most active compound with 93.57 %rsa and 0.0140 mg/ml ic50. all biphenyl sulfonamide derivatives were subjected to in silico studies against dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) enzyme and human carbonic anhydrase ii (hca ii) to predict binding mechanisms to find potential inhibitors to treat bacterial infection and glaucoma respectively.