development of poly-naphthalene sulphonate based concrete admixture

In this research, poly-naphthalene sulphonate (pns) properties and working in concrete are enhanced to get the required workability and high strength of 10000psi. pns usually does not work in high-strength concrete due to the presence of more cement content in its mix design. pns dispersing effect in cement particles decreases as the cement content is increased. therefore, its dispersion property and zeta potential are enhanced to make it compatible with high-strength concrete. before modification, pns is optimized in a mixed design of 10000psi concrete. when targeting dispersion, firstly pns is modified by removing its oligomers which were creating a hindrance for cement particles. the required strength cannot be achieved while the required slump is achieved. in the other trial, sodium sulfate was added to concrete to increase dispersion by increasing sulfate ions in it, this sample did not work due to the presence of silica fume in the mix design. similarly, many additives are added to increase dispersion like sulphonic acid with the defoaming agent, and by increasing gluconate dosage in the admixture solution. from the gluconate increment, get nearer to the required strength, which was not the exact required one. in the second phase, the hydration of cement is targeted by adding sodium lauryl ether sulfate to increase the viscosity of mixing water by which the active point of cement will increase but it gave the strength failure. similarly, polytetrafluoroethylene was added which gave a better result but not the required strength. this additive is also tried with a gluconate-incremented sample to target both factors simultaneously. but the strength cannot be achieved and in the last by adding sulfuric acid to the mixing water rate of hydration of cement is slowed down by the water absorption principle and the required strength. the workability was achieved at a very cheap cost.