experimental study of effects of go-sio2-tio2–sds hybrid nanofluids on interfacial tension by du noüy ring method

This research aimed to prepare and utilize a novel hybrid nanofluid (go-sio2-tio2–sds) to significantly reduce the interfacial tension (ift) to a level lower than the ift value of the sds surfactant solution at the critical micelle concentration (cmc) point. accordingly, the go-sio2-tio2 nanocomposite was synthesized, and its properties were evaluated through six different analyses, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edxs), map analysis, fourier transform infrared (ft-ir), spectroscopy x-ray diffraction (xrd),and thermogravimetric analysis (tga). to assess the effects of go-sio2-tio2–sds hybrid nanofluids on ift reduction, sds surfactant solutions were prepared at varying concentrations of sds (0, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 ppm), and 500 ppm was determined as the cmc. different concentrations of the go-sio2-tio2 nanocomposite (100, 500, 1500, and 2500 ppm) were separately added to deionized water, and then the sds surfactant was added at the cmc value to prepare hybrid nanofluids. the results of ift measurements reported by the du noüy ring method indicated that ift values at the interfaces between 500-ppm sds surfactant solution/kerosene and (2500 ppm go-sio2-tio2–500 ppm sds) hybrid nanofluid/kerosene decreased from 23.59 mn/m to 2.48 mn/m and 0.51 mn/m, respectively. therefore, using the go-sio2-tio2–sds hybrid nanofluid could reduce the ift value to a level lower than that of the sds surfactant solution at the cmc point.