photocatalytic degradation of penicillin v using bi2o3/ag/tio2 thin film in a spinning disc photoreactor under blue led illumination

In this study, a novel spinning disc photo reactor (sdpr) was designed for the treatment of penicillin v (pv) as objective contaminants under blue light-emitting diodes (leds) irradiation. to this end, a visible light-activated bi2o3/ag/tio2 catalyst thin film was deposited onto the surface of ceramic disc support through a facile sol-gel spin coating technique. the synthesized film is fully characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem), energy-dispersive spectrometry (eds), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (drs)techniques. a central composite design (ccd) was exploited to optimize the operative variables including illumination time, rotational speed, initial pv concentration, and solution flow rate. the pv photodegradation efficiency of 97.67% was achieved at optimal operational conditions involving 80 minutes of illumination time, a rotational speed of 180 rpm, an initial pv concentration of 30 mg/l, and a solution flow rate of 0.8 l/min. furthermore, the langmuir-hinshelwood (l–h) kinetic model fitted the empirical data well. findings indicated that the developed sdpr can be a prominent alternative technology for the pv degradation process from wastewater.