modeling of ultrasound-assisted extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, rheological aspects, and biological properties of “barhang-e-kabir” mucilage

In this study, response surface methodology (rsm) was used to investigate the influence of independent process parameters including water to seed ratio (g/g), temperature (°c), time (min), and ultrasonic intensity (%) on the extraction yield of “barhang-e-kabir”. chemical composition, monosaccharide composition (using hpaec-pad), molecular conformation, molecular weight properties, surface tension, ζ-potential, particle size distribution, fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy, color measurement, total phenol content (tpc), total flavonoid content (tfc), antioxidant activity (aa), antimicrobial and dilute-solution and steady-state behavior were evaluated. the optimum condition to obtain maximum extraction yield (13.1 %) was extraction temperature 70 ᵒc, extraction time 40 min, water to seed ratio of 1:10, and ultrasonic power of 90 %. plantago major gum (pmg) had 89.24% carbohydrate, 4.53% ash, 4.11% moisture, and 2.12% protein. viscometric molecular weight and average molecular weight were found to be 1.13 ×10^5 g/mol and 9.9 ×10^5 g/mol, respectively. the intrinsic viscosity of pmg was 12.56 dl/g in deionized water at 25 ºc. steady shear measurement demonstrated that pmg is a shear-thinning fluid with high viscosity at low concentration. tpc, tfc and aa (ic50) tests of pmg showed 89.80 ± 1.23 mg gae/g dry sample, 123.25 ± 1.32 mg g−1dry sample, and 470.45 ± 0.35 µg/ml, respectively. prevention of linoleic acid oxidation in the system of ß-carotene-linoleic acid was equal to 32.45 %. the results showed that streptococcus pyogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most sensitive and highest resistance strain to pmg, respectively.