بازکاوی انواع نسبت میان دین و عرفان با تاکید بر رئوس ثمانیه

ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﯿﺎن دﯾﻦ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎن از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﭘﺮ داﻣﻨﻪ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﺼﻮف و ﻋﺮﻓﺎن دارد. ﻋﺎرﻓﺎن ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎن دﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻋﺮﻓﺎن و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯿﻢ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎن دﯾﻦ، ﻣﻨﮑﺮ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﯿﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﺎن و ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯿﻢ اﺳﻼم ﺷﺪه و آﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎی ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﺪﻋﺖ و ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﺎرﻓﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﮕﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ؛ و ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ اﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﻈﺮ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ واﮐﺎوی ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺰاع ﺗﺎﺣﺪی ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﺮد و داﻣﻨﮥ اﺧﺘﻼف را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﻣﯿﺰان وﻓﺎق را ﮔﺴﺘﺮش داد. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺶرو، ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی اراﺋﮥ ﯾﮏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ، از ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺮﻓﺎن و دﯾﻦ وﺟﻮد دارد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﭘﺪﯾﺪار ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﺑﻬﺎم در ﻧﺴﺒﺖ روﺷﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از رﺋﻮس ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﻋﺮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻮم دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ اﺑﻬﺎم ﻣﯿﺎن اﯾﻦ دو را ﻣﯽﮐﺎﻫﺪ؛ زﯾﺮا ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ازرﺋﻮس ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ: ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و ﺳﻨﺦ، ﻏﺮض و ﻫﺪف، ﻣﺆﻟﻒ و ﻣﺪون، ﻓﺎﯾﺪه و ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢﺑﻨﺪی ﻋﺮﻓﺎن، ﻣﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی ﻣﯿﺎن دﯾﻦ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎن ﻣﯽرﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ و در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﺑﻌﺎد دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺒﺎﯾﻦ و ﻣﻐﺎﯾﺮت ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﯽ در اﯾﻦﺑﺎره را ﻧﻔﯽ و دﻋﻮت ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺟﺰء ﻧﮕﺮ و ذو اﺑﻌﺎد ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮐﺮد.

A review of the types of relations between religion and mysticism with emphasis on the eight vertices of the science of logic

The relationship between religion and mysticism is a wideranging and challenging issue that has its roots in the history of Sufism and mysticism. Muslim mystics, along with religious scholars inclined to Islamic mysticism, have always emphasized the Islamic origin of mysticism. On the other hand, some religious scholars have denied any connection between mysticism and Islamic teachings. They have considered mystical teachings as heresy which is the result of mystics’ connection with foreign cultures; Hence, have confronted them. It seems that this disagreement can be resolved to some extent by clarifying the various dimensions of mysticism, thus reducing the disagreement and increasing the consensus. In the present study, instead of presenting a specific relationship, the various relationships that exist between different dimensions of mysticism and religion will be discussed, so the dispute due to ambiguity in the relationship between these two will be clarified through analytical and phenomenological methods. Utilizing the Ro’us thamaniyah eight vertices of the science of logic as well as the comparison of mysticism with other sciences in this study reduces the ambiguity of relation between the two. Because by referring to some of Ro’us thamaniyah such as: subject and type, purpose and motive, author and compiler, benefit and interest, position and rank and also Segmentation of mysticism, brings us to different and numerous relations between religion and mysticism that in some similarities and in some other dimensions there will be contrasts. The result of this approach will negate the general view and the definite opinion in this regard and invite to a partial and dimensional view.