ﺗﺄﺛﯿر ﭘﺬﯾری ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺮی در ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ از آراء ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ آﻟﻤﺎن

ﻣﺴﺄﻟﮥ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز در ﻣﯿﺮاث اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. روﺷﻨﻔﮑﺮاﻧﯽ دﯾﻨﯽ، ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺮی، از ﭘﯿﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﺛﺮ آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎی اروﭘﺎﯾﯿﺎن درﺑﺎر ۀ ﻫﺮﻣﻨوﺗﯿﮏ، ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪه اﻧﺪ اﯾﻦ روش را ﺑﻮﻣﯽﺳﺎزی ﮐﺮده و آن را در ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﻮن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﯿﺮ ﻧﺪ. ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺮ ی، ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از روﺷﻨﻔﮑﺮان دﯾﻨﯽ، در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎرض دﯾﻦ و ﺗﺠﺪد، ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺶﻓﺮض اﺻﺎﻟﺖ و ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ی اﻧﺪ ﯾﺸﮥ ﻣﺪرن ﻏﺮب، ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮔﺰاره ﻫﺎی دﯾﻨﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﺗﺠﺪد ﺑﺎزﺗﻌﺮ ﯾﻒ و ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف ا ﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮۀ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روش اﺳﻨﺎدی، ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠ ﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺮ ی ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ آنﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺮ ی در ﻃﺮح اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎی ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮑﯽ، از ﭼﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮاﻧﯽ و در ﭼﻪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﺎزﮐﺎو ی اﻧﺪ ﯾﺸﮥ ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺮ ی ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ و ی از اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﭼﻮن ﺷﻼﯾﺮﻣﺎﺧﺮ، ﭘﻞ ﺗﯿﻠﯿﺶ، رودﻟﻒ ﺑﻮﻟﺘﻤﺎن، رودﻟﻒ اوﺗﻮ و ﮔﺎداﻣﺮ در ﺣﻮزۀ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن دﯾﻨﯽ و ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﭘﯿﺶرو در ﺗﻼش اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮی را ﺗﺸﺮ ﯾﺢ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺮ ی در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﮥ دﯾﻨﯽ از ﺷﻼﯾﺮﻣﺎﺧﺮ، در ﺣﻮز ۀ اﯾﻤﺎن از ﺗﯿﻠﯿﺶ، در زﻣ ﯿﻨﮥ اﺳﻄﻮره زداﯾﯽ از ﺑﻮﻟﺘﻤﺎن، در ﻣﻘﻮﻟﮥ ﮔﻮﻫﺮ و ﺻﺪف دﯾﻦ از اوﺗﻮ، و در ﻣﺴﺄﻟﮥ ﺑﺸﺮی ﺑﻮدن و ﺗﺎر ﯾﺦﻣﻨﺪی ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﻘﺪس از ﮔﺎداﻣﺮ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

the influence of muhammad mojtahed shabestari’s interpretations of religious texts from german hermeneutic theories

the interpretation of religious texts has long been a subject within the islamic intellectual tradition. religious intellectuals such as mohammad mojtahed shabestari are among the pioneers who, through acquaintance with european views on hermeneutics, have sought to localize this method and apply it to understanding islamic texts. like many religious modernists, shabestari, when confronted with the tension between religion and modernity, operates under the assumption of the primacy and superiority of modern western thought, endeavoring to reinterpret and rearticulate religious propositions in favor of modernity. this study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach and based on documentary research, seeks to elucidate the issues shabestari has addressed under the influence of hermeneutical scholars. it examines the question: from which thinkers and in what areas has shabestari drawn in formulating his hermeneutical ideas? a reexamination of shabestari’s thought reveals that he has been influenced by figures such as schleiermacher, paul tillich, rudolf bultmann, rudolf otto, and gadamer in the fields of religious text interpretation and related debates. this article aims to explicate these influences. the results indicate that shabestari has drawn upon schleiermacher regarding religious experience, tillich on the concept of faith, bultmann in the area of demythologization, otto concerning the essence and externals of religion, and gadamer on the human and historical nature of sacred texts.