integrative model investigation of occupational safety and health for msmes using a macro-ergonomics approach and human factors analysis and classification

Occupational safety and health (osh) challenges in the micro, small, and medium enterprises (msmes) sector are serious issues that warrant significant attention. this study aims at developing an integrative model investigation of occupational safety and health for smes that use job shop production floors with a macro-ergonomics approach and human factors analysis and classification system (hfacs) to reduce the number of work accidents in this sector. firstly, the organizational structure and management system of umkm job shop are analyzed, including work procedures, training, and occupational health and safety (ohs) policies. then, hfacs is used to identify human factors that contribute to incidents and accidents, including human error, organizational factors, and environmental factors. finally, the relationship between macroergonomic variables and hacfs variables is tested using the sem-pls (structural equation modelling - partial least squares) method. the results show that the resulting model can improve ohs in the msme sector including key variables including physical environment, good supervision, good organization, balanced division of tasks, use of technology that is in accordance with needs and human resources will reduce the occurrence of unsafe action in msmes with the job shop layout model