Thinking empirically about the McDonaldization thesis in Penang

The motivation for this article began from personal experiences with ritzer's mcdonaldization thesis. this thesis refers to the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant have gradually dominated most sectors of american society and the world. not only has the restaurant business been affected,but virtually every other aspect of society,such as education,work,health care,travel,leisure,dieting,politics,and the family have been also influenced by the mcdonaldization thesis. the success of mcdonaldization is in its promise of efficiency,calculability,predictability and control,to consumers,workers,and managers. this article examines ritzer's mcdonaldization in penang. © universiti putra malaysia press.