تحلیل و گونه‌شناسی خانه‌های دوره پهلوی اول با رویکرد کالبدی- فرهنگی در شهر سنندج

بررسی تاریخ معماری خانه‌های دوره پهلوی اول در منطقه غرب ایران و به‌ویژه شهر سنندج، نشانگر آن است که این موضوع کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با تغییر و تحولاتی که در این شهر رخ داده، در معماری مسکونی نیز دگرگونی ایجاد و موجبات معماری متفاوت را فراهم نموده است. حضور گروه‌های مهاجر از جمله شاهزادگان قاجاری و برخی افراد صاحب منصب اداری و دیوانی و نیز ازدواج فرزندان والیان با برخی شاهزادگان قاجاری و حتی بعضی از منصوبان دولتی از جمله عوامل موثر بوده که در کنار آنها می‌توان به حضور معماران و هنرمندان از شهرهای دیگر و از جمله تهران برای طراحی و ساخت اشاره کرد. طبق بررسی‌های انجام شده، تاکنون مطالعات مدون و منسجمی در زمینه خانه‌های سنندج و به‌طور خاص گونه‌شناسی کالبدی- فرهنگی آنها صورت نگرفته است. با توجه به ضرورت انجام این تحقیق در این مقاله ابتدا بررسی خانه از دیدگاه‌های مختلف، سپس گونه‌شناسی خانه‌های شهر سنندج در دوره پهلوی اول و در نهایت به شناخت ویژگی‌های کالبدی- فرهنگی این خانه‌ها پرداخته شده است. نوشتار حاضر رویکردی کیفی و روش کار به لحاظ نوع نتایج توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. از روش میدانی و کتابخانه‌ای در گردآوری اطلاعات بهره گرفته شده و از ابزارهایی همچون نقشه‌کشی، عکاسی و نقشه‌برداری استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که خانه‌ها در دوره پهلوی اول در شهر سنندج دارای دو گونه، با ویژگی‌های خاص خود هستند. گونه‌ای کاملاً تحت تاثیر معماری منطقه کردستان و گونه دیگری تحت تاثیر معماری مناطق مرکزی ایران می‌باشد.

analysis and typology of first pahlavi period houses in sanandaj using a physical- culturalism approach

background and objectives: the study of the architectural history of the houses from the first pahlavi period in western iran, particularly in the city of sanandaj, reveals that this topic has been largely underexplored. the changes and transformations in the city have also led to shifts in residential architecture, introducing various architectural influences. contributing factors include the presence of immigrant groups such as qajar princes, administrative and civil officials, as well as marriages between governors’ children and qajar princes or government appointees. architects and artists from other cities, notably tehran, were also involved in the design and construction. according to research, no systematic or cohesive studies have been conducted specifically on the physical-cultural typology of sanandaj houses. given the importance of this subject, this article first examines the houses from various perspectives, followed by an analysis of the typology of sanandaj houses from the first pahlavi period, and finally discusses the physical-cultural characteristics of these homes. the aim of the article is to investigate and understand the cultural-physical characteristics of sanandaj houses and their typology during the pahlavi period. the aim of the article is to investigate and understand the cultural-physical characteristics of sanandaj houses and their typology during the pahlavi period. the research seeks to explore the relationship between the architecture of sanandaj houses and the culture of the kurdistan region, to understand the architectural styles of sanandaj houses from the first pahlavi period from a cultural perspective of the kurdistan region, and to analyze the characteristics of the existing types of houses in sanandaj based on the examination and analysis of their structures.methods: the present study, following a qualitative approach, falls within the interpretive paradigm in terms of its epistemological framework. it is considered a theoretical research in terms of research aim and it uses an inductive reasoning method. a historical method serves as the research strategy, and both descriptive and analytical methods are employed due to the nature of the subject. the descriptive method is applied in the review of theoretical perspectives and literature review. initially, written sources such as domestic and international publications and journals were searched and selected. using relevant content from these sources, and after consulting with experts, supervisors, and advisors, the structure of the theoretical and experimental sections was developed. in the next phase, to identify causal relationships and understand the correlations between variables and indicators, the analytical method was employed. data was collected from the selected statistical population through a survey study, and after classification and extraction, the data was measured and scientifically analyzed.findings: following the field investigations of residential typology in sanandaj, the influence of central region architecture and its dominance over the form and design of native and foothill architecture becomes evident. a combination of principles from western iranian mountain architecture and the use of pillared porches is present in the majority of houses. the research samples were evaluated based on the relationship between components and space functionality, facade decorations, volume, staircase placement, introversion and extroversion, orientation, identity, and privacy. the results from the analysis of ten houses are summarized below.