رتبه‌بندی چالش‌های معنایی- هویتی منظر شهری در نظام شهرسازی ایران

شکل ‌گیری منظر شهری به‌عنوان تبلوری از فرهنگ و هویت هر شهر دو جنبه عینی و ذهنی را در برمی‌گیرد. در سال‌های اخیر شهرسازی ایران با چالش‌هایی در برخورد با منظر شهری روبه‌رو بوده است. باوجود پژوهش‌های متعدد انجام‌شده در حوزه منظر شهری پرداختن به چالش‌ها با نگاهی جامع در کنار دسته‌بندی و اولویت‌بندی آن‌ها به‌منظور رفع هر چه سریع‌ترشان همچنان مغفول مانده است. هدف این پژوهش استخراج و رتبه‌بندی چالش‌های منظر شهری در ایران تعیین گردید و رتبه‌بندی چالش‌ها مطابق نظر متخصصین صورت گرفت. پرسش‌های پژوهش بدین ترتیب عنوان شدند که وضعیت چالش‌های منظر شهری در شهرسازی ایران چگونه است؟ و کدام دسته از چالش‌های معنایی-هویتی منظر شهری ایران در اولویت برای رسیدگی قرار دارد؟. پژوهش کاربردی حاضر با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و پیمایشی دنبال شده و در این مسیر از ابزار پرسشنامه، مدل تحلیل سه شاخِگی و آزمون تی و فریدمن در نرم‌افزار spss استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که دسته‌بندی سه‌گانه 1) چالش‌های محتوایی (رفتاری)، 2) چالش‌های ساختاری و 3) چالش‌های زمینه‌ای به ترتیب از نظر اهمیت دارای رتبه اول تا سوم هستند و برای رفع مشکلات و چالش‌های منظر ابتدا باید به سراغ «چالش‌های رفتاری» رفت. از طرفی پرداختن به چالش‌های زمینه‌ای از قبیل نبود دانش کافی در حوزه منظر یا عبور از دستورالعمل‌های جهانی به محلی در جایگاه آخر قرار دارند.

ranking the semantic-identity challenges of urban landscape in the urban planning system of iran

background and objectives: the formation of the urban landscape, as a reflection of a city’s culture and identity, involves both objective and subjective dimensions. in recent years, urban planning in iran has encountered difficulties in managing the urban landscape. the failure to implement urban projects effectively highlights the absence of control and visual guidance regulations, which serve as tools for urban policies, thereby complicating efforts to address urban landscape issues. comprehensive research has not yet focused on identifying and ranking the semantic-identity challenges of iran’s urban landscape. although numerous studies have explored urban landscapes, a comprehensive approach to categorizing, prioritizing, and addressing these challenges has been largely overlooked, forming the basis for this research. the overall goal of this study was to identify and rank the challenges of iran’s urban landscape based on expert opinions.methods: this research adopted a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative components, to thoroughly identify and prioritize the semantic-identity challenges of the urban landscape in iran. a comprehensive and focused search was conducted across domestic and international databases, as well as reputable publications in landscape architecture, using relevant keywords such as “landscape,” “urban landscape,” “urban image” (visual aspect of landscape), and “historical and contemporary landscape.” a total of 256 articles were collected, and more than 40 domestic and international studies from the past decade were carefully selected for further analysis. content analysis of these studies was performed to extract the semantic-identity challenges facing iran’s urban landscape. the identified challenges were categorized using the “trilogy analysis model” for a more structured approach. in the third step, expert opinions were gathered by asking a sample group of professionals in fields related to urban landscape (urban planning, architecture, and landscape) to rank the challenges within each category. for ranking, the one-sample t-test and friedman test were applied using spss 24 software. a total of 240 questionnaires were distributed online to experts using the snowball technique, and 118 were completed within seven days.findings: “structural challenges” in the urban landscape primarily relate to urban governance and decision-making processes. these challenges include issues such as the failure to convert urban landscape development plans into actionable outcomes. a major contributing factor to this problem is the inefficiency of regulatory systems. in iran’s urban planning system, the monitoring and evaluation aspects are often overlooked. specifically, there are no proper criteria for visual control of the urban landscape, or they are neglected. additionally, the lack of adjustment in protection programs for historical cities has resulted in significant changes in recent urban developments. in addressing the challenges in the “content and behavioral” sector, attention was also given to the behavior of urban landscape professionals and the general public. limited public participation in iran’s urban planning system has long been an issue. the absence of public involvement in the design phase leads to a neglect of the visual and perceptual aspects of the city in the minds of citizens, as well as the cognitive and semantic dimensions of projects. as a result, many urban landscapes fail to establish meaningful connections with users, contributing to a sense of placelessness and lack of identity in cities. furthermore, a significant challenge in the urban planning system is the absence of a common language between the academic community, professionals, and urban managers, leading to ineffective communication between these groups.