اندازه‌ گیری بازیابی روانی بازدید کنندگان از پارک‌ های شهری با محوریت پیکره‌ بندی فضایی عرصه‌های این محیط ‌ها؛ نمونه موردی: پارک ارم شهر همدان

بازیابی روانی، از مهمترین متغیرهای روانی در نزد مراجعه ‌کنندگان به پارک‌های شهری، در کشور ایران کمتر مورد‌توجه بوده است. به علاوه، میزان بازیابی روانی بازدیدکنندگان در انواع محیط‌های طبیعی یکسان نیست. در مطالعه حاضر با تمرکز بر این موضوع به‌دنبال مقایسه میزان بازیابی روانی در انواع عرصه‌های فضایی پارک‌های شهری و همچنین معرفی ابزاری معتبر و بومی‌سازی شده به‌منظور سنجش میزان بازیابی روانی در این محیط‌ها هستیم. این مطالعه در بستر یکی از پارک‌های شهر همدان که از دو عرصه هندسی و ارگانیک تشکیل شده است (پارک ارم همدان) سازمان‌دهی شد (بخش هندسی: عرصه جدیدساز و مبتنی بر خطوط هندسی. بخش ارگانیک: عرصه‌ای مبتنی بر معابر ارگانیک و قدیمی که از قبل بین درختان (و بدون دخالت ساختارهای هندسی) وجود داشت). استراتژی این پژوهش استدلال منطقی، و تاکتیک آن در بخش ارزیابی پیکره‌بندی فضایی پارک‌های شهری، روش چیدمان فضا (space syntax) بود. همچنین، در بخش سنجش وضعیت روانی شهروندان مراجعه‌کننده به پارک‌های شهری نیز، به استاندارد و بومی‌سازی مقیاس بازیابی (rs: res‌toration scale) اقدام و در‌نهایت نیز با استفاده از تحلیل‌های آماری به بیان رابطه بین پیکره‌بندی فضایی و بازیابی روانی مراجعه‌کنندگان پرداخته شد. نتایج تحلیل رابطه پیکره‌بندی فضایی و بازیابی نشان داد که 46.8 درصد از تغییرات بازیابی (روانی) مربوط به متغیرهای پیکره‌بندی فضایی است و تغییرات بازیابی بیشتر متاثر از متغیرهای عمق، کنترل و بی‌نظمی است. بر اساس این یافته‌ها (و انجام مطالعات تکمیلی)، طراحی پارک‌هایی با دارا بودن فضاهای دنج و دور از ازدحام و با حداقل بی‌نظمی در طراحی (در عرصه‌ها) که کمترین امکان کنترل و نفوذپذیری بصری (حرکتی) را رقم می‌زنند، در راستای ارتقای وضعیت پیکره‌بندی فضایی پارک‌های شهری به‌منظور بهبود سلامت روان مراجعه‌کنندگان، به محققان، تصمیم‌گیران و برنامه‌ریزان طراحی شهری و منظر پیشنهاد می‌‌‌شود.

measuring the psychological restoration of visitors in urban parks regarding their spatial configuration; case study: eram park in hamedan

background and objectives: the psychological restoration is considered one of the important psychological variables among those who refer to urban parks. in iran, this category has received less attention. besides, the level of psychological restoration of visitors in different natural environments is not the same. in this research, the rate of psychological restoration in various areas of urban parks are compared and a valid, and indigenous tool to measure the rate of psychological restoration was introduced (restoration scale localized questionnaire: rs) in these environments.methods: the strategy of this research was logical reasoning, and its tactic to evaluate the spatial configuration of urban parks was the space syntax method. in the space configuration analysis section, using the space syntax method, the parameters of connectivity, integration, depth, control, line length, entropy and intelligibility of the entire park bed (and especially in selected points) were analyzed. moreover, in the section of measuring the mental state of citizens referring to urban parks, standardized and localized rs (restoration scale: the main output of the present research is also the introduction of this localized standard questionnaire in persian language), and finally using statistical analysis to express the relationship between the spatial classification and psychological restoration of citizens (in fact, the park consists of two main geometric and organic parts, and in a number of points of both parts, the state of configuration variables and psychological restoration of citizens using a localized questionnaire was calculated and investigated).findings: the results of this research showed that the parameters of connectivity, integration, entropy, control, line length and intelligibility in geometric part are more favorable than organic part, but the depth of organic part is more than geometric part. the results of the mean comparison test also showed that the variables of depth and intelligibility have significant differences between the two geometric textures, but no significant difference was observed between the other parameters of the spatial configuration in the two textures. in addition, the results of the mean comparison test show that the depth of the geometric texture is lower than the depth of the organic range, but the intelligibility of the geometric texture is higher than the organic texture. also, the analysis of relationship between spatial configuration and restoration due to the coefficient of determination showed that 46.8% of the changes in (psychological) restoration variable are related to spatial configuration variables and the restoration changes are mostly related to depth, control and entropy variables. the results of investigating the effect of spatial configuration variables on each dimension of mental (psychological) restoration also showed that 38.9 percent of the changes in the emotional dimension are related to spatial configuration variables, and this relationship is generally significant, more detailed analyzes of this parameter prove it that the relationship between intelligibility and line length variables was not significant and these variables did not have the ability to predict the restoration variable and the restoration changes are mostly related to connectivity, depth, control and entropy variables. also, 38.3% of cognitive dimension changes are related to spatial configuration variables, and this relationship is significant. more detailed analysis of this parameter also revealed that the relationship between connectivity, control, intelligibility and line length variables was not significant and these variables could not predict the restoration variable, and the restoration changes are mostly related to the depth and entropy variables. in addition, 43.5 percent of the changes in the behavioral dimension are related to spatial configuration variables, and this relationship is significant, more detailed analyzes of this parameter also show that the relationship between connectivity, control, intelligibility and line length variables was not significant and these variables could not predict the restoration variable, and the restoration changes are mostly related to the depth and entropy variables.conclusion: based on the findings of this research (and supplementary studies), the design of parks with secluded and uncrowded spaces, and minimal disorder in the layout (in terms of spatial aspects), which minimize visual (and motor) control and permeability, is recommended for the improvement of the spatial configuration of city parks. this is proposed to enhance the mental health of park visitors. this suggestion is directed towards researchers, decision-makers, and urban planners and designers in urban design and landscape.