شناسایی مولفه‌های معنای نماهای آپارتمان‌های مسکونی از دیدگاه شهروندان؛ مطالعه موردی: آپارتمان‌های شهر اردبیل

نما یکی از عناصر تاثیرگذار بر کیفیت بصری یک بنا می‌باشد و شناخت اولیه هر فرد از بنا از این طریق صورت می‌گیرد. تابحال ادراک معانی نماها بیشتر در حوزه شهرسازی مورد توجه قرار گرفته و معانی نماها در مقیاس معماری کمتر مورد پژوهش متخصصان عرصه معماری قرار گرفته است. لذا پژوهش حاضر به شناسایی مولفه‌های معنای نماهای آپارتمان‌های مسکونی اردبیل از دیدگاه شهروندان پرداخته است. از همین‌رو در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده است که به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که مولفه‌های معنای نماهای آپارتمان‌های مسکونی از دیدگاه شهروندان چیست؟ این پژوهش دارای رویکردی ترکیبی بوده است. بخش کیفی با استفاده از روش گراندد تئوری و بخش کمی با استفاده از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری انجام گرفته است. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در بخش کیفی مصاحبه‌های عمیق و نیمه‌ساختار‌یافته با شهروندان اردبیل بوده است و در بخش کمی، پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخت بوده که روایی و پایایی آن بررسی شده است. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار مکس ‌کیودا و روش مقایسه مداوم در طی سه مرحله کد گذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی استفاده شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که مولفه‌های تاثیرگذار بر معنای نما، شامل نه مولفه: عوامل فرهنگی اجتماعی، سبک زندگی، عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل محیطی، قوانین شهری، کیفیت بصری، سابقه ذهنی، رسانه‌ها، وضعیت اجرا می‌باشد.

identification of facade semantic components of residential buildings from the perspective of the citizens (case study: ardabil city)

background and objectives: facades can significantly affect the visual quality of buildings. the initial impression that a building has on a viewer occurs via its facade. a building facade can be the most important element of its design. considering that the facade of a building is the first visual component of that building and the first component that connects the building to the surrounding environment, it plays a significant role in the viewer’s evaluation. perception of the meaning of facades has been mainly explored in urban planning, but architectural experts have paid little attention to this subject from the architectural point of view. residential buildings were selected among the different types of buildings since paying attention to different components, and their meaning is more important than the function in designing residential environments. nowadays, residential land uses constitute a large portion of urban land uses. almost all members of a society are in direct contact with them and look at different facades on a daily basis. therefore, this study attempted to identify the components of the meaning of residential apartments in ardabil from the perspective of the citizens. the main question of this study is as follows: what are the semantic components of the facades in residential apartments from the perspective of the citizens?methods: this research had a mixedmethod approach. the qualitative section was conducted using the grounded theory, while the quantitative section was performed using structural equation modeling (sem). in the qualitative part, the required data were collected via indepth semistructured interviews with citizens of ardabil city. since the researcher’s deep understanding of the subject and the possibility of conducting indepth interviews are major factors in any qualitative study, the main criterion for selecting the sample was the possibility of the author’s continuous presence in the area and interviewing the citizens. a total number of 25 residential apartments in ardabil city were selected as the sample in this study. the southern and southwestern sections of ardabil have a relatively new urban fabric. most apartments in these sections have 3 to 6 stories. in terms of sociocultural and economic status, these areas have a high, medium, mediumtolow, and mediumtohigh status. therefore, they were suitable for indepth study and would provide generalizable results. for this reason, the geographical expanse consisting of the south and southwest of ardabil city was selected as the study area. maxqda software and constant comparisons during the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding were used to analyze the collected data. after the interviews were transcribed, the collected data were scrutinized via the coding method and classified via open, axial, and selective coding. each interview was perused several times, and the basic concepts were extracted via content analysis. in the second coding stage, one of the categories was selected as the core concept, which was then studied as the pivotal phenomenon in the explained process. the relationships of the other categories with the core concept were then determined and expressed in the form of a paradigm model. selective coding was the last stage of the coding procedure in which the core category was selected, and its links to other categories were identified. the author designed a questionnaire in the quantitative section, and its validity and reliability were examined. sem and smartpls software were used in this section of the research. the questionnaire consisted of 31 items designed in a structured manner based on the likert 5point scale and developed according to the conceptual model of the research. four items directly inquired about the meaning of facades. using targeted cluster sampling, the authors distributed the questionnaires among individuals who were familiar with the samples.