جستجوی «خود»و«دیگری» در اثر حاجی‌بابای‌اصفهانی

«ﺧﻮد» و «دﯾﮕﺮی» از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ ﺧﺼﻢ ﺳﺎز اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺬاری ﺑﯿﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت و ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ی ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻻﮐﻼ و ﻣﻮف، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺪه ی ﯾﮏ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و وﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﯾﺰﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮی از ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و ﺧﺼﻢ ﺳﺎزی را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮی اﯾﻦ دو ﻣﻔﻬﻮم، در رﻣﺎن ﺣﺎﺟﯽ ﺑﺎﺑﺎی اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﺤﻮری اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه آﻧﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺮﻗﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه (ﻣﻮرﯾﻪ)ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ی اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ (ﻧﮕﺎه از ﺑﯿﺮون) زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ را در ﻗﻀﺎوت و اﻧﮕﺎره ﺳﺎزی ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﮕﺎﻧﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﯾﺮان ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﭘﺲ از اراﯾﻪ ی ﺗﻌﺎرﯾﻒ و ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ «ﺧﻮد» و «دﯾﮕﺮی»، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺣﺎﺟﯽ ﺑﺎﺑﺎی اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺪﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ی ﺧﻠﻘﯿﺎت و اﺧﻼق ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻃﺮح اﯾﻦ دو ﻣﺒﺤﺚ، اﺿﻼع و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﻮد و دﯾﮕﺮی از ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﻏﺮاض و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺎزی ﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﯽ- ﺗﺨﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﮐﺮدار و ﺧﻠﻘﯿﺎت اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن ﻋﺼﺮﻗﺎﺟﺎر، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻮد و دﮔﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﺮح در داﺳﺘﺎن دارد ﮐﻪ ﺿﺮورت ﻋﺒﻮر از اﻧﮕﺎره ﻫﺎی ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﺎز ﮐﺘﺎب و دﻗﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ آن را ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ.

The Search for Self and Other Inside the Adventures of Haji Baba’i Esfahani

The “self and other are hostile interpretation that in political and intercultural studies lead to the separation between different communities and identities. In Laclau E and Mouff C’s Discourse theory, this concept has been interpreted by specific constraints, as the engines that drive a discourse, they show the inevitability of the function of resistance and hostility. The search for these two concepts in James Morier’s novel is a central theme of this article. Especially that according to the author’s oriental viewpoint of Iranian society (external look), this book points to considerable contexts in judging and culturing an alien image of Iranian culture and relationships. In this article, after defining and interpreting of self and other, the position and importance of The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Isfahan are mentioned as an entry on study of Iranian political and social morals and ethics. After discussing these two topics, the different sides and proportions of self and other were extracted from the book and according to discursive approach, some of the exaggerations and attributions of this allegoricalfantasy story were evaluated by the actions and morals of the Iranians of the Qajar era. The results that explain intensification of some self and other and deepening hostile relationships in the form of this book, Representing these contradictions, while pointing to gap in crosscultural understanding, has emphasized the need to cross over the concepts in the book and more accuracy in readout.