ارزیابی توسعه پایدار مناطق آزاد تجاری- صنعتی ایران

امروزه سازمان‌ها جهت کسب موفقیت‌ در محیط رقابتی نیاز به حرکت در مسیر اهداف توسعه پایدار دارند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل شاخص‌های توسعه پایدار مناطق آزاد ایران انجام می‌شود. بدین منظور شاخص‌های توسعه پایدار مناطق آزاد از دو بعد داخلی و خارجی و از سه جنبه؛ زیست‌محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی و از روش دیمتل فازی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار می‌گیرند. 8 نفر از خبرگان به پرسشنامه دیمتل به 44 شاخص داخلی و 24 شاخص خارجی پاسخ می‌دهند که با استفاده از نرم افزار متلب، کدنویسی داده‌ها انجام می‌شود و میزان رابطه هر شاخص با شاخص‌های دیگر و همچنین شدت تاثیرگذاری و تاثیرپذیری شاخص‌ها در دو بعد داخلی و خارجی بدست می‌آید. نتایج  نشان می‌دهد که «تفکیک، جمع آوری، حمل و نقل، بازیافت، دفن زباله و دفع پسماندهای صنعتی»، بیشترین ارتباط را با سایر شاخص‌های داخلی دارد، در حالیکه «فرهنگ رعایت استاندارد ایمنی و زیست محیطی توسط شرکت‌های حمل و نقل و شرکت‌های گردشگری»، بیشترین ارتباط را با سایر شاخص‌های خارجی دارد. همچنین «تدوین و حمایت از سیاست‌های توسعه پایدار»، تاثیرگذارترین و «رضایتمندی گردشگران و مشتریان» تاثیرپذیرترین شاخص‌ داخلی است و نیز«آموزش توسعه پایدار جامعه محلی»، تاثیرگذارترین و «مشارکت گردشگران و مشتریان جهت عدم ایجاد آلودگی‌های زیست محیطی» تاثیرپذیرترین شاخص‌ خارجی است. از مهمترین نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان به شناسایی روابط بسیار پیچیده شاخص‌های توسعه پایدار مناطق آزاد، نمایش وضعیت شاخص‌ها از جهت روابط تاثیرگذاری و تاثیرپذیری و نحوه ارتباط شاخص‌ها از طریق رسم نمودار پراکندگی و  ارتباطی و علّی اشاره نمود.

assessing the sustainable development of free trade-industrial zones in iran

aim and introduction. today’s business leaders are seeking to achieve sustainable development in order to succeed in the competitive market. based on the theoretical framework, research background and experts’ opinions, it can be concluded that despite the increase in the number of free zones in iran, they have mainly focused on importing different products to the country. in other words, there is not a balanced growth in these areas in terms of sustainable development indicators, including economic, environmental and social indicators. in addition, the performance of the free zones has not been satisfactory from attracting foreign investment and employment viewpoints. therefore, considering the high potential of free trade-industrial zones in economic growth of the country, it is necessary to take the all dimensions of sustainable development into account. methodology.the main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the indicators of sustainable development in  free zones of iran. to accomplish that, considering three main areas including commercial, industrial and tourism, the sustainable development indicators of free zones under both internal and external dimensions from three aspects of environmental, economic and social are studied using fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (dematel) technique. this technique is a structural method that is able to represent the causal relationships among factors which uses a straightforward diagram and some matrices. this technique contains eight steps of 1) defining appropriate scales, 2) establishing the direct-influence matrix, 3) normalizing the direct-influence matrix, 4) constructing the total-influence matrix, 5) deriving the influential relation map (irm), 6) designing a scatter diagrams, 7) setting the threshold values, 8) building cause and effect relationship diagrams.in this regard, a dematel questionnaire based on the 5-choice verbal values ​​scale consisting of 44 internal and 24 external indicators is designed. then, the results received from eight experts are analyzed in matlab and excel software. the obtained results show that the variability of internal indicators is more than the that of external indicators which implies that the internal indicators have a wider range of relationships than the external indicators. moreover, the dispersion of internal effect indicators is more than that of internal cause ones while there is a slight difference between the dispersions of external cause and effect indicators. besides, the existence of complex relations among both internal and external indicators is confirmed. the obtained results from internal indicators show that three indicators: 1) separation, collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of industrial waste, 2) reducing the use of hazardous industrial waste, and 3) satisfaction of supply chain stakeholders, respectively, have the most relationship with other internal indicators. in other words, focusing on the mentioned indicators can make a significant improvement in other internal indicators. furthermore, three internal indicators of 1) providing interest and services for stakeholders, 2) proper strategy to increase market share, and 3) encouragement of employees to participate in sustainable development, respectively, have the least relations with other internal indicators. consequently, concentrating on these indicators leads to little changes in other internal indicators. the results obtained from external indicators confirm that three indicators of 1) culture of compliance with safety and environmental standards by companies, 2) prevention of marine pollution by ships, and 3) raising the awareness of tourists and customers regarding traffic issues, respectively, are the most related indicators to other external ones. as a result, changes in these indicators can significantly affect the other external indicators.