طراحی الگوی پیاده‌سازی سرمایه فکری در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان

سازمان‌ها به عصر اقتصاد مبتنی بر دانش وارد شده‌اند، اقتصادی که در آن دانش و دارایی‌های نامشهود مهم‌ترین مزیت‌های رقابتی سازمان‌ها شناخته شده است. یکی از اجزای دارایی‌های نامشهود، سرمایه فکری است که تاثیر مهمی بر عملکرد و پیاده‌سازی اهداف استراتژیک سازمان‌ها دارد. سرمایه فکری عامل اصلی ایجاد ارزش در شرکت‌ها است و شرکت‌ها درحال حرکت به سمت خلق ارزش از طریق سرمایه فکری موجود در سازمان می‌باشند که شامل دانش افراد، خلاقیت، شهرت سازمان، ظرفیت‌های سازمانی، روابط با مشتریان، عرضه‌کنندگان، فناوری‌اطلاعات است. از این‌رو، پیاده‌سازی سرمایه فکری در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است. لذا هدف اصلی این مطالعه، ارائه الگوی پیاده‌سازی سرمایه فکری در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان است. در این راستا، بعد از بررسی مبانی نظری و مصاحبه‌های گسترده با خبرگان، مولفه‌هاوشاخص‌های پیاده‌سازی سرمایه فکری در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان شناسایی گردید. سپس از طریق روش تحلیل ساختاری تفسیری، مدل کلی پژوهش ارائه شده و با رویکرد ahp فازی، سنجه‌های هرکدام از شاخص‌های پیاده‌سازی مدل، وزن‌دهی و اولویت‌بندی شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که عوامل زیرساختی و داشتن اهداف و برنامه‌های بلندمدت نقطه آغازین پیاده‌سازی سرمایه فکری در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان می‌باشد که با شکل‌دادن فرآیندهای صحیح از نوآوری و رویکردهای نوین در این شرکت‌ها حمایت‌های جدی شده و در گام آخر به ارتقای رابطه با ذی‌نفعان مختلف پرداخته شود.

Designing an Intellectual Capital Implementation Model in Knowledge-Based Companies

Aim and Introduction: The nature of competition between organizations has changed in recent years, and companies must have competitive advantages to improve performance and compete with competitors; Because they have shifted their focus from investing on tangible resources to investing on intangible resources. One of the intangible resources in the organization is intellectual capital. One of the components of intangible assets is intellectual capital, which has an important impact on the performance and implementation of strategic goals of organizations. Intellectual capital is the main factor in creating value in companies, and organizations with effective control over these assets in addition to dynamic and active management within the organization can have successful external organizational relationships with society, stakeholders, and people.On the other hand, organizations are entering a knowledgebased economy, an economy in which knowledge and intangible assets are recognized as the most important competitive advantages of organizations. Creativity, organizational reputation, organizational capacity, relationships with customers, suppliers, information technology, etc. Knowledgebased companies play an important role in the economic growth and development of the country by emphasizing intangible assets and providing innovative products and services based on high technologies. Supporting knowledgebased companies as the rulers of science and technology in the country is the most important solution that can achieve this lofty goal. Intellectual capital is one of the most important and instructive capitals in knowledgebased companies, which also achieves good results in the long term. Therefore, the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledgebased companies is very important. So, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model for the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledgebased companies.Methodology: This research is an applied research in terms of purpose. And is considered as survey and descriptive research. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The different parts and criteria of the questionnaire are obtained from library studies. Interview and panel format, metrics and indicators were finalized. Therefore, the main tools of this research include two researchermade questionnaires, one of which is designed by interpretive structural equations and the other questionnaire with hourly and fuzzy spectrum is designed that the validity of these questionnaires was reviewed and confirmed by experts.Findings: In this study, the opinions of 15 experts from knowledgebased companies and academic experts were used using the Delphi method in 3 panels to saturate the opinions of experts, and the components, indicators and criteria were finalized. The agent of knowledgebased companies was tested. And through interpretive structural analysis, levels and relationships between variables were identified and examined, and for better interpretation of variables and its subcomponents in this section, the fuzzy AHP method has been used to determine the importance of the components well and correctly.Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed model consists of five levels. At the fifth level of the model, which is the lowest level available, the proposal of the present model for the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledgebased companies is to create an appropriate attitude and as followed formulate effective goals and strategies. Also, the required infrastructure and structure must be created and specified in this step, which is the first step. Therefore, knowledgebased companies in order to implement intellectual capital in their companies on the first step, must create the infrastructure in accordance with the goals and strategies, and by formulating the structure, the required items must be identified.In the second stage, according to the defined structure and goals, the processes must be identified and the organizational culture must be formed in its format. In the third stage, by using the considered infrastructure and the existing structure and processes, with focusing on creativity, innovation and knowledge, and by taking steps to attract qualified and specialized personnel, with a research and development approach, proceed to implement intellectual capital in knowledgebased companies.In the fourth stage, information systems for better knowledge management in the organization should be implemented and with the aim of supporting innovation, communication with government and business organizations and suppliers. In the last stage, by communicating with customers and supervising competitors, increase the quality and thus, inspired by innovations and creativity, to increase the intellectual capital in knowledgebased companies.The results indicate that infrastructure factors and having longterm goals and plans are the starting point for the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledgebased companies.