منابع رشد بهره‌وری، عوامل موثر و رقابت در بازار جذب سپرده بانک‌های تجاری ایران

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﻬﺮه وری ﺑﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺎری اﯾﺮان و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﻬﺮه وری، از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺎﻟﻢﮐﻮﺋﯿﺴﺖ و روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ دادهﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن، از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ دوره 8 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎل 1396 و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 10 ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﻓﻌﺎل در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ رﺷﺪ در ﺑﻬﺮه وری ﻫﻤﺮاه و اﯾﻦ رﺷﺪ را ﻣﺪﯾﻮن رﺷﺪ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺧﻮد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻧﻮﺳﺎزی ﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪهای در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﻬﺮه وری و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ، از ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد در ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ و اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﺮداری از واﺣﺪای ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ دﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﮑﻮس و رﻗﺎﺑﺖ در ﺑﺎزار ﺟﺬب ﺳﭙﺮده ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺮه وری و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ.

Sources of Productivity Growth, Effective Factors and Competition in the Deposits Market of Commercial Banks in Iran

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in the productivity of commercial banks in Iran and to examine the factors affecting it. Malmquist index and data envelopment analysis were used to measure changes in the productivity, and to evaluate the factors affecting productivity, the multivariate regression was utilized. The research timeperiod consisted of an 8year period ending in 2018. The sample consists of 10 operating banks in the banking industry of Tehran Stock Exchange. The Research findings show that indicate that in total (average of the periods under study) investigated units experienced a growth in productivity and this growth was due to their technical efficiency growth. On the other hand the findings, also, indicate a significant effect of size, the ratio of cost to income and competition in the market of bank deposits on the productivity. And these observed relationships were direct, indirect and direct respectively.