Refined oil production from patin catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) by-products

In this study, oil was extracted from the liver and visceral fat of patin (pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and refined. the yield of oil after refining was 49.98%. the major yield loss (34.20%) happened during the degumming procedure. fatty acids found in the crude and refined oil were c12:0, c14:0, c14:1, c16:0, c16:1, c18:0, c18:1, c18:2, c18:3, c18:4, c20:0, c20:1, c20:4, c20:5, and c22:6. the dominant saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were c16:0, c18:1 n-9, and c18:2 n-6, respectively. the total amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids did not change significantly during refining procedure (p > 0.05), whereas the total amount of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids changed significantly (p < 0.05). the n-3 to n-6 ratios of crude, degummed, neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils were 1.11, 1.06, 1.05, 1.02, and 1.01, respectively.