effects of dietary supplementation of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) seed extract on body composition, lipid peroxidation and tissue quality of common carp (cyprinus carpio) juveniles based on the total volatile nitrogen test

Date palm seed (phoenix dactylifera) (dps) extract has been used worldwide in pharmaceutical agent due to its constituents. this study aimed to assess the effects of dps extract as a dietary supplementation at on the body composition, lipid peroxidation and tissue quality of common carp (cyprinus carpio) based on the total volatile nitrogen (tvn) test. common carp juveniles weighing ca 32 g were cultured in 26°c freshwater for 60 days and fed with diets supplemented with 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% of dps extract. at the end of the trail, the crude protein (p>0.05) and crude lipid (p<0.05) were higher in fishes fed with diet containing 0.5% dpsthan control group, while their ash (p<0.05) and moisture content were lower in than other groups (p>0.05). the increase in dps ratio of diet above 0.5% , resulted in lower crude protein and crude lipid, while the ash and moisture content increased. in addition, the values of tvn and lipid peroxidation in muscle and brain were lower in all treatments fed with supplemented diet compared to the control group. the results indicated that utilization of 0.5% dps in commercial diet of carp can improve the body composition and antioxidant defense system of fish.