growth performance of tilapia (oreochromis niloticus linnaeus, 1758) larvae with feeding tubifex tubifex (müller, 1774) from different fermentation of animal manures

Tubifex tubifex is a natural feed for many fish species, which still relies on natural catches. high nutrient contents culture media is needed to increase the availability and quality of t. tubifex. the aim of this study was to investigate growth performance of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) larvae fed with t. tubifex cultured using different animal manures. some profiles of t. tubifex nutrition (n, p, and k), nile tilapia composition (proximate, essential amino acids, and fatty acids) fed with t. tubifex, relative growth rate (rgr), survival rate (sr), biomass, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and water quality were analyzed. the results showed that tilapia fed with t. tubifex which cultured using various animal manures had a significant effect (p<0.05) on its nutrition, growth, biomass, and feed intake level compared to tilapia fed with t. tubifex which cultured without animal manures. however, it did not have significant effect in survival rate (p>0.05). the best treatment was obtained at t. tubifex cultured using 50 g/l of quail manure + 100 g l1 of rice bran + 50 g l1 of tofu waste (t2).