bio-functions of carvacrol-supplemented feeds on lipopolysaccharide-induced rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792)

To investigate the effects of carvacrol supplementation in rainbow trout induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps), relative gene expressions levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers in kidney and liver were measured. fish with a mean weight of 44.71±1.33 g were studied using four different treatments with three replicates each. inflammation and apoptosis were performed using lps of escherichia coli (25 µg ml-1) except in the control group and only carvacrol (100 µg ml-1 diet) containing diets were fed to this group (car). the last group was the infected fish fed carvacrol supplemented diet (+car). kidney and liver tissues were removed 3 days after to determine the levels of interleukin-1β (il-1β), interferon gamma (inf-γ), caspase 3 (cas 3), caspase 8 (cas 8) using real-time pcr analyses. il-1β expressions of both kidney and liver was significantly decreased (12.9 and 2.14 fold, respectively) in lps treated cells (p<0.05). while ifn-γ expression was up regulated in kidney, it had down regulation in liver. lps decreased both cas 3 and 8 expressions in kidney but increased in liver. +car increased expressions of il-1β and ifn-γ compared with the control (up to 2-3 fold) in all tissues except caspase gene expressions that were similar in the control. in all tissues, il-1β and ifn-γ expressions increased in +car group, expect ifn-γ in the kidney. however, cas 3 and 8 expressions including apoptosis was induced by up-down regulations in all tissues compared to lps-injected fish. the results showed that carvacrol had pro-inflammatory and apoptotic effects especially on liver tissue of lps-induced inflammation model of oncorhynchus mykiss.