assessing benthic health of hard substratum macrobenthic community using soft bottom indicators and their relationship with environmental condition

This study aimed to assess ecological quality status of hard substratum macroinvertebrates communities of the caspian sea with three ecological indices and their relationship with environmental factors. for this purpose, benthic communities of the caspian sea basin were studied seasonally during 2014 in 8 sampling sites. temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ph, nitrate, nitrite, silicate and phosphate were measured as environmental factors. the benthic classification indices ambi (azti marine biotic index), mambi (multivariate ambi) and bentix (benthic index) were applied to assess the ecological status of the studied area. results showed low dissimilarity based on species composition and abundance among seasons, while all seasons discriminated clearly based on environmental factors. in addition, ambi index was more successful to assess ecological health of hard substratum in the caspian sea basin than m-ambi and bentix. furthermore, ambi showed high sensitivity to environmental variation. results indicated that temperature, nitrate, silicate, phosphate and nitrite were the most important factors in the composition and abundance fluctuation of hard substratum macroinvertebrates communities, respectively.