یادگیری از فیلم‌های علمی-تخیلی: تاب‌آوری معماری-شهر دربرابر دنیاگیری‌ها

معماری-شهر ازجمله ایده‌های معماران و محققان برای حل مشکلات و چالش‌های ناشی از رشد جمعیت و به‌تبع آن، گسترش شهری است. معماری-شهر کلان‌شهری است خودکفا و مستقل در یک ساختار واحدِ عمودی با زیرساخت‌هایی بسیار پیشرفته که نیازمند الزاماتی در طراحی و ساخت، به‌ویژه تاب‌آوری دربرابر دنیاگیری‌هاست. پیش‌از دنیاگیری کووید-19، فیلم‌های علمی-تخیلی بارها دنیاگیری‌هایی را پیش‌بینی کرده و هشدارها و درس‌هایی داده‌اند. هدف کلی این تحقیق یادگیری از فیلم‌های علمی-تخیلی برای طراحی معماری-شهر تاب‌آور دربرابر دنیاگیری‌هاست. بنابراین، به تحلیل محتوای فیلم شیوع (2011)، به‌عنوان نمونه، پرداخت. سپس، براساس نتایج این تحلیل محتوا، راهکارهایی برای طراحی معماری-شهر تاب‌آور دربرابر دنیاگیری‌ها ارائه داد. طبق نتایج تحقیق حاضر، کیفیت فضاهای داخلی معماری-شهر از نظر عواملی چون بهره‌مندی از نور خورشید / روز، تهویۀ طبیعی، ارتباط با طبیعت و محیط بیرون، دسترسی به خدمات و امکانات‌ در کوتاه‌ترین زمان، بدون‌ نیاز به تعامل با سایر قسمت‌های بنا، به‌ کمک طراحی محله‌های با کاربری ‌مختلط و نسبتاً خودکفا درون بنا و بهره‌مندی از فنّاوری‌های پیشرفتۀ حمل‌ونقلی، ساختمانی، کشاورزی و هوشمند عوامل موثر در تاب‌آوری معماری-شهر در دنیاگیری‌هاست. علاوه‌بر سودمندی در طراحی معمارانۀ پسادنیاگیری، نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند مورد استفادۀ معماران و همۀ دست‌اندرکاران و تصمیم‌گیرندگان در طراحی و ساخت معماری-شهرهای آینده قرار گیرد.

learning from science-fiction films: architecture-city resilience to pandemics

architecture-city is a self-sufficient mixed-use vertical megastructure with advanced infrastructure capable of functioning as a city. it requires special attention to design and construction, particularly in terms of its resilience to pandemics. before the covid-19 pandemic, some science-fiction films had predicted pandemics and provided lessons and warnings. this study aimed to learn from science-fiction films to design a pandemic-resilient architecture-city. it conducted content analysis to reach the research aim, using steven soderbergh’s contagion as a case. the film was chosen because of its striking similarity to the covid-19 pandemic. the study was conducted in three steps: transforming the visual content of the film contagion (2011) into written text, analyzing the content of the written text, and explaining the factors affecting the architecture-city resilience to withstand pandemics. multiple film reviews complemented the written text to ensure a comprehensive analysis. the content analysis results of the film were presented under &thoughtful points in architectural designs to withstand pandemics&. finally, based on these results and the architecture-city definition, the factors affecting architecture-city resilience to pandemics were discussed. based on the content analysis of the film contagion, key considerations in architectural designs to withstand pandemics include attention to indoor environmental quality, available urban services and facilities, and major pandemic challenges. several factors, such as climate and building orientation, appropriate dimensions and area of spaces, access to daylight and natural ventilation, connection with nature, visual and acoustic aspects, security, materials’ color and type, protecting the privacy of residents, open and semi-open spaces, and flexibility are vital in improving the quality of indoor spaces to tackle pandemics effectively. the film contagion accentuates the significance of strengthening local centers. designing mixed-use neighborhoods with relative self-sufficiency can increase resilience against pandemics by providing citizens easy access to work, education, shopping, health, welfare, and leisure. during pandemics, access to essential services like healthcare, medicine, food, water, and energy poses major challenges. the utilization of advanced technologies is crucial for architecture-city resilience, alongside indoor environmental quality and easy access to urban services and facilities. by incorporating advanced transportation technologies, such as multi elevators, architecture-city can be structured as one or multiple neighborhoods, considering its dimensions. incorporating touch-free technologies and anti-viral materials into frequently touched surfaces can prevent viruses from spreading via fomites. incorporating aeroponics technology for food security, utilizing renewable energy to provide power, and implementing smart technologies for social communication, teleworking, telemedicine, tele-education, and online shopping are some ways to enhance the resilience of architecture-city against pandemics. based on the results of the present study, improving the quality of indoor environmental conditions, providing access to urban services and facilities quickly and efficiently, through the design of mixed-use and self-sufficient neighborhoods within the architecture-city, and utilizing advanced technologies of transportation, construction, agriculture, and smart systems, is essential in creating resilient architecture-cities that can withstand pandemics. the results of this study can benefit architects and decision-makers involved in designing and constructing future architecture-cities.