تاثیر هندسه شکلی و ساختاری مساجد بر کیفیت آکوستیک معماری بررسی موردی: مساجد تاریخی تبریز

شنیدار مطلوب در مساجد از ضروریات طراحی این فضا بوده و مستلزم مجانست صحیح مولفه‌های معماری است. شکل پلان و ساختار فرمی از مهمترین آن‌ها و مورد مطالعه پژوهشگران است، لیکن در مطالعات میدانی، امکان وجود هندسه ساختاری با مصالح ثابت فراهم نیست و این مساله، چالش اصلی این مطالعه است. هندسه شکلی پلان یکی از عوامل تعیین‌کننده‌ نحوه پخشایی صدا در فضای معماری است و این در حالیست که هندسه ساختاری نیز در این میان تاثیرگذار است. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل تاثیر هندسه شکلی بر کیفیت آکوستیکی در ساختار فرمی ستوندار مساجد است که در رده‌بندی‌های متنوع حجمی قابل ارزیابی است. پژوهش حاضر 12 نمونه مختلف از مساجد تاریخی شهر تبریز با هندسه ساختاری ثابت را در چهار رده حجمی و در سه دسته‌بندی شکلی مستطیلی طولی، مستطیلی عرضی و مربعی مورد تحلیل قرار داده است. مطالعه حاضر با سنجش میدانی پیش رفته و استناد سنجش iso3382 است. نویز زمینه، زمان واخنش و تراز فشار صدا متغیرهای آکوستیکی مورد مطالعه است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد علی‌‌رغم اینکه هندسه طولی، عملکرد متفاوت‌تری نسبت به دیگر نمونه‌های سنجش ارائه می‌دهد، اما در حالت کلی هندسه ساختاری ارجح‌تر از هندسه شکلی است و با استناد به برداشت‌های دوربین صوتی، ثبوت آن منجر به همسانی رفتار آکوستیکی در نمونه‌ها می‌شود.

The Effect of Plan and Formal Geometry of Mosques on theAcoustic Quality of ArchitectureCase Study: Historical Mosques of Tabriz

The mechanical sound wave tends to propagate freely in space. In the open environment, sound energy decreases over time due to geometric divergence and environmental losses, but in the closed environment, which is defined by architecture; The boundaries of the space create another event on the produced sound and make its features more different. The shape of the mentioned range affects the sound quality and the architectural space in its 6 dimensions is defined as a range in which the sound acquires different qualities in dealing with it. The desired acoustic quality in the construction of mosques is one of the requirements for the design of this space, because the audience interacts with their sense of hearing in the presence and benefit of this place of worship. The desired listener in the architectural space requires the correct knowledge of the architectural components, the shape of the plan and the formal structure are among the most important. The geometric shape of the plan is one of the factors determining how sound is distributed in the architectural space, while the structural geometry and form of the space are also influential. If it is possible to study only some of the variables by proving some parameters in architectural aspects; It can be argued that the effect of the selected factor on the acoustic quality has been investigated. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of plan shape geometry on acoustic quality in the columnar form model of mosques, which can be evaluated in various volumetric classifications. The present study has selected the geometry of the plan as a study variable among the various components of architecture and the elements that form the form such as columns, domes, materials, etc. that is called formal geometry. In order to achieve its goal, 12 different examples of historical mosques in Tabriz that have fixed structure geometry; It has been analyzed in 4 volumetric categories and in three formal categories. The study tool is field measurement and is based on ISO3382 measurement. Background noise, Reverberation time and sound pressure level are the acoustic variables studied. The research results prove that formal geometry dominates the research results and its proof has led to the similarity of quantitative and qualitative acoustic achievements. In other words, it can be said that in the acoustics of mosques, formal geometry is preferable to plan geometry, which determines the acoustic quality of the space. If other examples are designed with similar formal geometry, regardless of the plan geometry in them, similar acoustic behaviors will not be unexpected. However, there are slight differences in the longitudinal geometry of both the quantitative results and the qualitative achievements of the sound camera; Indicates the need to pay attention to the elongation of space in the direction of the Qqibla. Therefore, in general, it can be said that the research achievement states that despite the fact that longitudinal geometry offers a different function, in a more comprehensive view, formal geometry in same material is preferable to plan geometry and its stability has led to homogeneity of acoustical behavior in samples.