تبیین چالش‌های پیش‌روی شهرهای آینده با بهره‌گیری از تجارب سینمای علمی‌تخیلی

آینده شهرها به مثابه محصول بشری پیچیده با چالش‌هایی مواجه است که نیازمند ابزارهای مختلفی جهت راهکارگزینی است. در این میان سینمای علمی‌تخیلی از معدود رسانه‌های فرهنگی و فراگیر است که درباره آینده شهرها ایده‌پردازی می‌کند. سینمای علمی‌تخیلی با برون‌یابی زوایای پنهان وضعیت معاصر، عناصر، روندها و گرایش‌های زمان حال، علاوه بر ارائه سناریوها و حالات مختلف از آینده شهرها به نوعی هشدار و شبیه‌سازی عواقب فعالیت‌های امروز بشر نیز محسوب می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر ماهیتی آینده‌پژوهانه دارد و با هدف توسعه فهم و درک موضوع از دیدگاهی تفسیرگرا، استقرایی و رویکردی کیفی برخوردار بوده، از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی سود جسته است. در این پژوهش، برای دستیابی به چالش‌های پیش‌روی شهرهای آینده، فیلم‌های منتخب (داده‌ها) از طریق نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی، هدفمند و اکتشافی طی چهار مرحله از میان مجموعه‌ای از فیلم‌های علمی‌تخیلی آینده‌پژوهانه انتخاب و مورد مطالعه عمیق قرار گرفته است. داده‌های گردآوری شده در قالب گزاره، مقوله و مفهوم، کدگذاری و تحلیل شده است. نتایج به‌دست آمده بیانگر این است که مفاهیم حکومت و حکمروایی شهری، پایداری، عدالت فضایی، کیفیت محیطی، حاشیه‌نشینی، رسانه‌های دیجیتال و معماری رسانه، واقعیت افزوده و واقعیت مجازی، هوشمندی، عناصر ساختاری شهر، فرهنگ و برند شهری، چالش‌های پیش‌روی شهرهای آینده خواهد بود.

Explaining Challenges for Future Cities Using the Experience of ScienceFiction Cinema

City is the mostcomplex human product, and the longlived urbanization process has a vague future. In other words, the future of cities is facing challenges that require different tools for action because the complexity and multidimensionality of urban issues have grown far more in line with the increasing rate of urbanization and technological advances. The uncertainty of the situation, the likelihood of different futures, and the understanding that any wrongdoing can alter the fate and quality of countless people’s lives have complicated decisionmaking in urban problems. In such circumstances, a detailed understanding, analysis, and awareness of challenges facing contemporary cities in the future will be useful in drawing rational and desirable urban perspectives. Meanwhile, as a literary and then cinematic genre resulting from the last two centuries of industrialization and the social and scientific revolutions, sciencefiction is considered to be one of the few cultural and pervasive media outlets that regularly tends to the ideas about the future. Currently, sciencefiction has increasingly gone beyond simple predictions of science and technology and has brought concerns about humanity, societies, governments, ecology, and their interactions. One of the most frequentlyportrayed scifi subjects is the future of cities through narrating stories in the context of cities. Stories in which the city is not merely a background, but plays a crucial role. Sciencefiction extrapolates the dimensions and aspects of the contemporary situation, the elements, and trends of the present, to find out what they end up with if their full potential is demonstrated. Sciencefiction scenarios are based on today’s facts and represent the future. Thus, studying and analyzing sciencefiction works, followed by offering different scenarios for future cities, will caution both the public and experts about the serious consequences of today human activities. Consequently, such a heightened awareness of these different scenarios and possibilities prevents various trials and errors. The relationship between the modern city and cinema as two twin phenomena of the contemporary world has developed unique lessons for urban analysts and decisionmakers, the reading of which requires adoption of efficient and explanatory methodologies. The present study has a futuristic nature and aims to develop an understanding of the subject from an interpretive and inductive perspectives by adopting a qualitative approach. This study seeks to elucidate the challenges facing future cities by utilizing sciencefiction cinema experiences while applying a qualitative content analysis approach. To meet these challenges, a wide range of films (data) have been selected and studied in depth through nonrandom, purposeful and exploratory sampling at four stages from a series of futuristic sciencefiction films. The collected data was coded and analyzed in the form of the proposition, category, and concept. The results indicate that the concepts of governance and urban governance, sustainability, spatial justice, environmental quality, informal settlement, digital media, and media architecture, augmented reality and virtual reality, smartness, structural elements of the city, culture, and urban brand will be the leading challenges ahead of future cities.