پویاشناسی شدت تغییرات کالبدی با تاکید بر روایت ساکنان؛ راهنمای عمل طراحان در محله‌های مسکونی بررسی موردی: محله نیاوران، تهران

شکل‌گیری نظریه‌های اثباتی برای تدارک مطلوب دگردیسی کالبدی، حاکی از لزوم توجه توامان به فرایندهای عینی و تجربه ساکنان است. در شرایط فعلی سیاست‌گذاری کالبدی و ضوابط ملاک عمل در محلات مسکونی بر اساس نیازهای کمّی و زیرساختی تعیین می‌شود. هدف این مطالعه فهم عوامل موثر بر ارزیابی ساکنان از روند تغییرات کالبدی در محلات مسکونی است. در این پژوهش به‌کارگیری روش ترکیبی، امکان بررسی انطباقی یافته‌های کمّی (عینی) و کیفی (ذهنی) را فراهم نمود. داده‌های کمّی با بررسی‌های ریخت‌شناختی در دوره 20 ساله و داده‌های کیفی از طریق مصاحبه عمیق با 14 نفر از ساکنان اصیل نیاوران و در 4 کوچه و با بهره‌گیری از سنت پژوهشی پدیدارنگاری استخراج شد. موضوعات مستخرج از مصاحبه با ساکنان به منظور پاسخ دادن به پرسش‌های پژوهش، غربالگری و مفاهیم اصلی کدگذاری شد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش در سرعت متوسط تغییرات کالبدی، ساکنان به موضوعات وابسته به زمین و دارای کارکرد معنایی مانند حیاط و اندازه خانه توجه دارند. اما در در شرایط سرعت بالای تغییرات کالبدی که منجر به دگرگونی می‌شود، واحد مسکونی اهمیت بیشتری می‌یابد. از این رو رهیافت‌هایی مانند آماده‌سازی ذهنی ساکنان در موضوعاتی مانند کوتاه‌تر شده چرخه‌های زمانی ساخت و پرهیز از ایجاد حالت تعلیق در کلیت کالبدی به‌عنوان راهنمای عمل طراحان استخراج شد.

Dynamics of Magnitude of Physical Changes with an Emphasis on Resident’s Narratives; Guideline for Designers in Residential NeighborhoodsCase Study: Niavaran Neighborhood, Tehran

Management of physical dimensions in residential neighborhood requires special attention to residents and their perceptions due to the impacts on quality of life. Some research has been done in this regard, with emphasis on cognitive, social and psychological aspects, and mostly focused on humanenvironment relationship. On the other hand, preparing positive theories and design guidelines for designers to provide optimal physical transformation requires consideration of both morphological processes as well as paying attention to residents’ point of view. Understanding residents’ narratives of magnitude of physical changes requires qualitative methods of analysis to verify compliance with objective facts. The main objective of this study was to understand the residents’ perception of magnitude of physical changes in order for establishing design guidelines for physical development management in residential neighborhoods. This exploratory study used mixmethod research. Among the original methods of qualitative research, phenomenography was employed because of its focus on categorizing residents’ different perception of magnitude of physical changes during the past 20 years. To increase the validity of the findings, qualitative, intermediate and final stages of a complete cycle of evolution were selected. Totally, 14 old residents in two groups and four alleys were chosen for survey. Concepts and issues identified by them were classified using a coding. Morphological and quantitative studies also was performed. Then, based on adaptive research approaches, guidelines for designers, ranging from urban designers, landscape architects and architects were established for this purpose. The results reveals that morphological studies of how physical dimensions change including height, density, mass and space, and envelope change over time are intertwined with semantic and symbolic and biodiversity issues such as relevance to open spaces. During the course of physical changes, two issues are more important; first, changing the nature of the elements that had a particular identity in the past and the second, new things that have never been seen before. In terms of physical transformation, the most important principle is the size and elements of view and their dimensions. Landrelated issues such as yard and the size of houses play a more important role, and sociospatial identity becomes highly dependent on the body. The results also provide approaches to policymaking based on differences in resident quality assessment mechanisms and to improve lives at varying intensities. The criteria as a guide for designer can be summarized as follows. Greater physical and altitudinal coordination between buildings and shorter construction time cycles as a pleasant stimulus have become a prominent aspect of resident’s time of adaptation. The presence of side walls overlooking the alley is an important factor in reinforcing the mentality suspension. Prolonging the construction period and transformation of the alley into a semicomplete construction workspace will become an effective factor in satisfaction of residents. Finally, it seems that preparation of a documentation for each alley, controlling the magnitude of physical changes in terms of number and type in neighborhoods like Niavaran is necessary. Because, in each period a type and a scale of physical traits as a local identity is established in the minds of residents, which requires maintenance and mentoring during gradual changes.