معنای اجتماعی جلوه بیرونی برج مسکونی واکاوی نشانه‌شناسی گفتمانی ساختمان‌های بلند مسکونی در تهران

یکی از پدیده‌های معماری معاصر، ساختمان‌های بلند مسکونی هستند که پدیده‌ای چندجانبه بوده، می‌توانند انعکاسی از گفتمان‌های اجتماعیفرهنگی باشند. این پژوهش در پی شناخت بخشی از معانی فرهنگی و اجتماعی از طریق انجام مصاحبه با شهروندان تهرانی به‌عنوان یکی از منابع نشانه‌شناختی است. با این هدف، با توجه شاخص‌های چندگانه در مناطق 22 گانه تهران، سه گروه الف) منطقه یک، ب) مناطق دو، سه و شش، و ج) منطقه 22 برای بررسی در نظر گرفته شد. این پژوهش در پارادایم شناخت‌شناسی پساساختارگرا با رویکرد کیفی و به روش نشانه‌شناسی گفتمانی انجام گرفته است. پژوهش به لحاظ نوع نتایج، توصیفیتحلیلی و به لحاظ هدف، نظری است. شیوه تحلیل گفتمانی، نسبی‌گرا و با استدلال پس‌کاوی است و گردآوری داده‌ها به شیوه کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی صورت گرفته است. ساکنان، مدیریت برج‌ها، همسایگان و مشاوران املاک، گروه هدف پژوهش هستند. نتایج نشان داد که جلوه بیرونی ساختمان‌های بلند مسکونی به‌عنوان لایه مشترک میان منظر اجتماعی شهر، موقعیت اجتماعی خانواده (با محوریت تحول نقش زن در خانواده) و کالبد ساختمان است. معانی عمده به‌دست آمده از گروه اول شامل امنیت، رفاه و آزادی اجتماعی در گروه دوم دسترسی به امکانات شهری و فرصت‌های اشتغال و اجتماعی مطلوب و در گروه سوم توسعه شهری، دید مطلوب، هوا و محیط سالم بود.

The Social Meaning of Façade of Residential Towers: A Semiotics Discourse Analysis of Highrise Residential Buildings in Tehran

The highrise residential buildings are among the contemporary architectural phenomena, which are multilateral and interdisciplinary phenomena. The question of this research is how to make sense of these buildings. The highrise residential buildings can be a reflection of social discourses and the impact of culturalsocial factors on understanding the meaning. This study was performed in order to understand some part of the cultural and social meanings of highrise residential buildings, which this paper present them as one of the semiotic sources of social and cultural discourse after interviewing with Tehrani’s citizens. For this purpose, three groups were considered for this study according to multiple indices in 22 regions of Tehran Municipality after examining highrise construction in Tehran, i.e. Group A: District 1, Group B: District 2, 3 and 6, and Group C: District 22. This research has been performed within poststructuralist cognitive paradigm, by qualitative approach and using discourse semiotics method. The research is descriptiveanalytical in terms of type of results and is theorybased in terms of purpose. The analytical method in this study is discourse analysis, relativistic as well as postprobing reasoning method, and data collection was done using library and field study method. Interview data is investigating social interaction by natural data. Tehran’s citizens are tower residents, tower management, tower neighbors and real estate consultants which are target group of the research. This study is aimed to find some part of social and cultural meaning, and to study the effect of citizens’ discourse on reading architectural meaning using discourse semiotics. Accordingly, with the discourse analysis tools, it is possible to understand the meaning of the residential towers in Tehran within discourse distribution and discourse order. This study showed that citizen discourse analysis has two implications; first, the family’s social position in highrise residential buildings indicate a particular focus in semantic, second, in connection with the community and urban community, there is a common opportunity for architecture. Based on this study, the façade of the towers shows the preferences of residents, their life style and social identity. The residential highrise building is an area where the separation is continuous and, the façade of the towers can be the tool of such separation. Social groups also have their own manifestation and signification of the façade of these buildings, and here it becomes a realm for differentiation of groups. Although the façade is not created by the person and the inhabitants, it is chosen by them and according to their social perspective and is manifestation of their cultural system. On the other hand, the façade represents the probable preferences of residents. Architectural and conventional identity manifestation can be seen in some of the limited samples from Tehran residential towers. The classic Iranian pattern is a fusion of social characteristics and characteristics of Iranian architecture, while in most cases, these are not in accordance with the characteristics of the Iranian house and a Tehrani family.