سطح‌بندی محرومیت شهرستان‌های استان‌های بوشهر و هرمزگان

مسئلۀ نابرابری‌های منطقه‌ای و محرومیت تنها معضل مناطق درگیر نیست و پیامدهای آن، کل کشور را دربرخواهد گرفت. برهم‌خوردن تناسبات جمعیتی و فضایی، عدم بالفعل شدن پتانسیل‌های منطقۀ درگیر و امثالهم از مشکلات جدی نابرابری‌ها است. هدف مقاله پیش‌رو، سنجش و سطح‌بندی محرومیت در استان‌های بوشهر و هرمزگان، از استان‌های مرزی و ساحلی جنوب کشور، با بررسی مهم‌ترین ابعاد محرومیت است. بدین‌ترتیب، شاخص‌های محرومیت مطابق با ادبیات نظری پژوهش در ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، آموزش، بهداشت و مسکن، استخراج و سپس شهرستان‌های دو استان، براساس ابعاد مذکور، سطح‌بندی و سنجش شده‌اند. روش مورد استفاده، روش تحلیل عاملی با رویکرد ادغام داده‌ها و در بخش سطح‌بندی شهرستان‌ها، روش تحلیل خوشه‌ای است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که محرومیت در شهرستان‌های استان هرمزگان، نمود بیشتری دارد و با حرکت به سمت شرق، شدت بیشتری می‌گیرد. سنجش تغییرات ابعاد محرومیت طی سال‌های 1375 تا 1390 نشان می‌دهد که طی سال‌های اخیر، به‌طورکلی میزان محرومیت کاهش یافته و بر تعداد شهرستان‌های برخوردار افزوده شده است. کاهش محرومیت در شهرستان‌های استان بوشهر نمود بیشتری دارد و تعدادی از شهرستان‌های شرقی استان هرمزگان طی سالیان گذشته، بهبود حداقلی را تجربه کرده‌اند. شدت محرومیت نیز در ابعاد آموزشی و بهداشتی در هر دو استان بیشتر بوده و شاخص‌های ابعاد اجتماعی و اقتصادی وضعیت مناسب‌تری داشته‌اند.

Deprivation Classification of Counties in Bushehr and Hormozgan Provinces

The issue of regional inequalities and deprivation is not only the problem in the affected areas, but it also have important consequences for the entire country. Imbalances in demographic and spatial proportions, inactivation of the potential of the affected region and so on, are very serious problems of regional inequalities. Deprivation is a term related to the imbalance in regional development. One of the most important features of the border areas, especially the coast, is their remoteness from the center of gravity of the motherland, which is generally shaped by the economic centers and the heart of the growth and development of governments. During identification of the deprived areas of the country that took place at different times, Bushehr and Hormozgan have always been among the most deprived provinces. While Bushehr province has the potential to be one of the most developed provinces in the country, with its special geopolitical location, massive oil and gas reserves, access to maritime transport, and so on. Hormozgan Province, in spite of access to free waters and existence of various harbors, has the potential to become a trading hub for export and import of the country. The purpose of this study is to identify the deprivation level of southern coastal provinces (Bushehr and Hormozgan Provinces) and evaluation of the indicators of deprivation dimensions. Indicators of investigation have been extracted from different economic, social, educational, health and housing components of theoretical literature. Due to the large number of indictors and subindicators, Factor Analysis method was used for data reduction purposes and Data Pooling method transformed numerous indicators into key components. Now comparisons between all counties of both provinces are possible which is implemented with various components and is based on data retrieved in the year 1996, 2006 and 2011. Then the same method is repeated using new components derived from Factor Analysis method and then composite deprivation indicators are determined. In order to assess new data series derived from Factor Analysis method, Cluster Analysis method is used to classify the counties of both provinces. Different dimensions of deprivation, changes in the rate of deprivation and changes of the level of deprivation indicators for every single county of both provinces are derived. The obtained results show that deprivation is more evident in Hormozgan Province and is more intense as it moves eastward. The analysis of the trends over the years 1996 to 2011 indicate that in recent years, deprivation has generally decreased and the number of rich counties has increased. However, this reduction has increased in the counties of Bushehr province and some of the eastern counties of Hormozgan province have experienced minimal improvement over the past years. The severity of deprivation in the educational and health dimensions of counties in both provinces are greater and social and economic indicators have better status. According to the 2011 data, Jask, Roudan and Minab counties, which are all in the Hormozgan province, were the most deprived counties and Bushehr, Bandr Abbas, Bandar Deilam and Bandar Lengeh were the most benefited ones among the counties of both provinces.