تحلیل فرم-ریخت‌شناسانه هسته تاریخی شهر خرم‌آباد با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک‌های agraph و spacemate

رشد شتابان شهری سبب ایجاد ساختار شکلی ناهمگون در محله‌ها شده است. برقراری تعادل کالبدی-فضایی تاثیر بسزایی در سیمای بصری شهر دارد و نیازمند درک کاملی از زمینه بافت و مداخله براساس آن است. محله درب باباطاهر واقع در هسته تاریخی‌خرم‌آباد، با وجود همجواری با جاذبه‌های میراثی متعدد برای گردشگران، به دلیل عدم توجه به ملاحظات فرم-ریخت‌شناسانه، با معضلات بافت تاریخی چون ریزدانگی، فشردگی، خوانایی‌کم و نفوذپذیری نامناسب روبه‌روست. مطالعات فرم-ریخت‌شناسانه کمک شایانی به برون‌رفت از این معضلات می‌کند و افق روشن‌تری از شهر را در اعتلای طرح‌های شهری برای طراحان و برنامه‌ریزان شهری به تصویر می‌کشد. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیلی همه‌جانبه از فرم-ریخت شهری، در پی دستیابی به مدلی مفهومی برگرفته از نظریات اندیشمندان در حوزه «فرم شهری» و «ریخت‌شناسی شهری» است تا بر اساس آن به سنجش جامعی از وضعیت دست یابد. برای این مدل تحلیلیِ فرم-ریخت‌شناسانه، دو بعد و هفت مولفه پیشنهاد شده و شاخص‌های ده‌گانه از تناظر مولفه‌ها بازشناسی شده است. روش تحقیق برحسب هدف کاربردی و از نوع آمیخته (کمّی و کیفی) است. روش کیفی بر تکنیک تحلیل محتوا و روش کمّی بر تکنیک‌های agraph و spacemate استوار است. پس از معرفی تکنیک‌های تحلیلی و سنجش شاخص‌ها در محله درب باباطاهر، چهار منطقه مورفولوژیک بازشناسی شد و الزامات طراحانه همچون حفظ گونه‌های تاریخی، نوسازی ابنیه، رعایت ضوابط تراکمی، تعریض توام با احترام به تاب بافت، بهسازی و تزریق کاربری عمومی و تسهیلات گردشگری و محلی به‌عنوان محرک توسعه به تفکیک هر زون ارائه گردید.

Formmorphological Analysis of the Historical Core in Khorramabad Using Agraph and Spacemate Techniques

Rapid unplanned urban sprawling has crated incoherent form of structures in urban neighborhoods. Creating physicalspatial balance, which has a great influence on the visual image of the city, needs a comprehensive perception of the context to intervene based on that. DarbeBabataher neighborhood located in the historic core of Khorramabad, adjacent to historical monuments such as FalakolAflak Castle, ancient bazar and many other cultural heritage sites, suffers from losing its valuable historical qualities, which is mainly caused by lack of formmorphological considerations in the urban context. This neighborhood have faced with some historical texture issues such as being finegrained, compactness, lack of legibility and impermeability. Formmorphological studies are of great help to overcome these problems and depict a brighter future for urban designers and planners to implement urban plans. This research aims at a comprehensive analysis of urban formmorphology, seeking a conceptualanalytical model based on the later theories by the thinkers in two fields: urban form and urban morphology, which provide a basis for comprehensive evaluation of the potentials of the studied case. The thinkers that are mentioned in urban form field include Lynch (1958, 1981), Conzen (1960), Leslie (1972), Handy (1996), Moudon (1997), Maller (1998), Cuthbert & Anderson (2002), Bramely, Glen & Karryn (2005), Alberti (2005), Thomas (2011), Oliveira (2016), Kropf (1993, 1996, 2017); meanwhile in urban morphology field they include: Conzen (1960), Levy (1999), Moudon (1998), Dovey and Ristic (2016), Pafka and Dovey (2017), Kropf (1996, 2017), and Oliveira (2018). This analytical model presents two dimensions and seven components as well as ten analytical indexes, which are recognized based on the coincidence of the components. These Ten indexes include: orientation and pattern of building establishment, proportion and area of the lots, segment relative to the main street, ground space of lots, floor space index, open space ratio, layers or building height, permeability, the degree of integration and the relationship of the nodes and the network of public spaces. This research is a practical survey according to its purpose, and the method of the research is a mixed one (both quantitative and qualitative). Qualitative method has been used with content analysis technique and the quantitative method is based on Agraph and Spacemate techniques. So, after clear definition of the concepts of urban form and urban morphology, their dimensions, components, ten indicators are identified. Finally, after identifying analytical techniques and evaluating the indexes, these results are achieved: the neighborhood consist of compact lowrise blocks which has various built areas, few open spaces and interconnected fabric; undesirable connection of the urban spaces has caused impermeable and low value of spatial integration of the urban fabric. So DarbeBabataher neighborhood can be divided into four morphological regions, which have the special characters with the same results in evaluating Indexes. In each morphological region, implication polices are suggested such as: preserving historical species in lots, buildings and urban space, renovation of buildings, considering a regulation that limits the building density in the historical zones, widening streets with respect to original structure of texture, improvement and enhancing public land use as the important motivation development factor in achieving facilities and amenities in public places for inhabitants and tourists.