بازشناسی شبکه نقاط بالقوگی مکانی با استفاده از «کدهای مکان‌مند» بررسی موردی: بافت تاریخی شیراز

مفهوم استفاده مجدد از فضاهای رها شده در طراحی شهری عمدتاً شامل فضاهایی بوده است که منتزع از شبکه شهری منسجم مورد بازطراحی قرار می‌گرفته‌اند. نمود عینی فضاهای حاصل از تخریب‌های تدریجی را می‌توان در بسیاری از بافت‌های تاریخی شهرهای ایران دید. این شکل نامطلوب از رهاشدگی فضاها و گسست درونی شبکه عناصر واجد ارزش، نشان از آن دارد که بالقوگی‌های موجود درون شهر نادیده گرفته شده است. بازطراحی این قطعه‌ها و توجه دوباره به شبکه نقاط بالقوگی مکانی، شامل کانون‌ها و راستاهایی که به شکل تاریخی ساختار منسجم بافت شهری را تکوین می‌داده‌اند، اندیشه‌ای است که در این مقاله و با تکیه بر مفهوم «کدهای مکان‌مند»، مطرح می‌شود. کدهای مکان‌مند که پیرو مطالعات کلارک در دهه هشتاد میلادی، توسط دی‌مونشو طی چند سال اخیر مطرح شده است، الگویی تازه از بازترکیب بالقوگی‌های فضایی را نمایان می‌سازد و با نگاهی یکپارچه و شبکه‌ای به شهر و شناسایی نقاط بالقوه مکانی در چرخه حیات شهری، دستیابی به ساختار شهری متوازن را جستجو می‌کند. این پژوهش آزمونی است در کاربست کدهای مکان‌مند که با تاکید بر وجه فرآیندی و بومی‌سازی آن، برای نخستین بار در زمینه شهر ایرانی به تحلیل شبکه‌ای بافت تاریخی شیراز پرداخته است. برونداد پژوهش، ساختار فضایی پنهان و کانونراستاهای بافت تاریخی شهر شیراز را به‌عنوان عرصه‌ای برای بازطراحی شبکه منسجم شهری ارائه می‌نماید.

Recognition of the Spatial Potential Points Network Using ‘Local Codes’ Case Study: Shiraz Historic Urban Fabric

Reusing the leftover and abandoned spaces in cities during the classical look towards urban design has mainly encompassed scattered parcels and spaces, separately from the connected urban network. The redesign of such spaces has no close connection with the urban structure as a whole, so the design would not be a wise intervention, leading to a deeper spatial and ecological enhancement of the city. In the historic and urban fabrics of the Iranian traditional cities, a large number of demolitions and clearances that have been done during the last decades has left a vast amount of nondeveloped lands and parcels, which have actually become parking lots and nonused spaces. The phenomenon of underdeveloped spaces and the increasing number of vacant spaces, which have no interrelation with the urban structure, reveals an urgent need for adoption of more subtle solutions, engaging valuable monuments and historic landmarks within a framework in which the great potentials of the heritage buildings, linear elements, and the whole structure are regarded and improved. Here, a new paradigm has occurred as reuse and redesign of the abandoned spaces became crucial to the urban design. The redesign process would act as such that all the parcels, even the most limited ones, could take a role in the rearrangement of the urban structure and this will show a suitable solution as all the spatial potentials are involved in the process. During the 1980s’ Gordon MattaClark tried to recognize a series of leftover spaces in New York City to represent them as chances for a new design, and contexts to organize new amenities and artistic installations. By the absence of the upcoming geographic information technologies, Clark only could manage to find a very little number of parcels accommodating his objectives. Four decades later, and by reviewing many other theoretical approaches emerged since the Clarks’ efforts, Nicholas de Monchaux has relanced a new look towards the problem and proposed the newly born concept of ‘Local Codes’. As the codedependent approach to design has also been a matter of concern among the scholars, by taking the concept of ‘fake’ estate and using the vast possibilities given by the GISbased software, Monchaux tried to show that it is possible to recover a large number of vacant parcels and redesign them respecting the ecological and functional needs. This reintroduction of parcels to the lifecycle of a city, all along with the intent to redesign the lost spaces, not only gives a spatial opportunity even greater than the largest green or open spaces of the cities, but also revitalize the urban web or its spatial network, resurrecting with its focal points and lines. This paper introduces the approach of “Local Codes” and examines it in the context of an Iranian city. Shiraz with a complete but damaged urban network is the case of this study. After examining the spatial network of the historical fabric, the spatial potentials are revealed and the process of redesigning the network has been shown in terms of a wellconnected network.