clinical changes in adiponectin, leptin, and some inflammatory parameters in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension

Aims: this study investigated changes in adiponectin, leptin, and some inflammatory factors in the serum of obese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in thi-qar province, iraq.materials & methods: this clinical follow-up study was conducted at al-nasiriya teaching hospital in thi-qar governorate and the biochemistry laboratory at the college of science from august 2024 to january 2025. a total of 140 male and female subjects were included, comprising 105 patients diagnosed with obesity (body mass index≥30kg/m2) and 35 controls (body mass index<5kg/m2). the participants’ ages ranged from 35 to 65 years. they were divided into four groups, including the control group, with 35 healthy individuals, the obese group, with 35 solely obese patients, the obese diabetes mellitus group, including 35 obese patients with diabetes, and the obese hypertensive group, comprising 35 obese patients with hypertension.findings: there was a significant increase (p≤0.05) in leptin, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 levels, along with a significant decrease in adiponectin levels across all patient groups compared to the control group. however, there were no significant changes (p≤0.05) in serum hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha levels between the patient groups and the control group. furthermore, there was no significant difference in adiponectin, leptin, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, il-6, and hif-1α serum levels between the obese diabetes group and the obese hypertensive group compared to the obese group (p≤0.05).conclusion: obese patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension exhibit significantly higher levels of lep and inflammatory factors and significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to the controls.