effect of conventional and climb milling on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of pure titanium; application of the williamson-hall method

Aims: this study investigated the effect of conventional and climb milling methods on pure titanium sheets’ mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and microstructure. the goal was to enhance their performance in biomedical applications, particularly for implants exposed to the body’s corrosive environment.materials & methods: pure titanium sheets (4mm thick) were machined using conventional and climb milling methods without coolant. mechanical properties, including hardness and wear resistance, were evaluated using vickers hardness testing and wear testing, respectively. corrosion behavior was assessed through electrochemical corrosion testing in a simulated body fluid. microstructural changes were analyzed using x-ray diffraction and williamson-hall analysis to determine dislocation density and crystallite size.findings: there was a significant increase in hardness for the milled samples, with the conventionally milled sample exhibiting the highest hardness value of 334hv, compared to 292hv for pure titanium. wear resistance improved, with weight loss reduced to 10mg for climb milling and 11mg for conventional milling, compared to 18mg for pure titanium. the corrosion rate in the conventionally milled sample decreased significantly to 0.0003mm/year, much lower than the 0.07mm/year observed for pure titanium. x-ray diffraction analysis showed a decrease in peak intensity at 35° and 40°, indicating an increase in dislocation density and a reduction in crystallite size from 45nm to 32nm.conclusion: conventional and climb milling methods impact pure titanium sheets’ mechanical and corrosion properties, influencing their performance in dental and knee implants.